Somatostatin

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Somatostatin
• CAS No.: 51110-01-1
• Molecular Formula: C76H104N18O19S2
• Molecular Weight: 1637.89
• Mol file: 51110-01-1.mol

Synonyms:AY 24910;Aminopan;GH-RIF;Growth hormone release-inhibiting factor;Growth hormonerelease-inhibiting hormone;Panhibin;SIF;SRIF;SRIF 14;Somatostatin-14;Somatotropin release-inhibiting factor;Somatotropin release-inhibitinghormone;Somiaton;Somatostatin-14 (reduced);

Chemical Property of Somatostatin

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.669
• Boiling Point: 1970.9 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 1145.7 °C
• PSA: 663.83000
• Density: 1.43 g/cm³
• LogP: 2.28620
• Storage Temp.: −20°C
• Solubility.: H2O: 1 mg/mL

Purity/Quality:

>95% ^*data from raw suppliers

Somatostatin 14 ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xi
• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 26-36

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Biological functions: In the anterior pituitary, SS inhibits the release of GH and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Pulsatile GH secretion reflects the pulsatile release of both SS and GHRH in a reciprocal fashion. In fish, SS-14 inhibits the release of GH, prolactin, and insulin. In the brain, SS has a variety of neuromodulatory roles in learning, cognitive functions, locomotor activity, anxiety, and depression. CST has physiological functions, such as depression of neuronal activity and induction of slowwave sleep. Moreover, SS exerts inhibitory effects on various gastrointestinal functions, including gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying, intestinal motility, and release of insulin, glucagon, and various gastrointestinal hormones.
• Description: Originally isolated from hypothalamic tissue, somatostatin is characterized as an inhibitor of growth hormone (GH) release. The structure was determined in 1971. Subsequent investigations led to the recognition that somatostatin also was released from the pancreas and has a role of inhibiting the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. A total of five somatostatin receptor subtypes have been characterized and cloned (sst1 to sst5). Subtype sst4 is associated with the inhibition of insulin release, and an sst4-selective inhibitor has been reported. The somatostatin analogue SOM230 has exhibited selectivity for sst1, sst2, sst3, and sst5 in rats and effectively decreased plasma GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels by 75% without significant effects on insulin or glucagon. Another analogue, PT R3173, with selectivity for recombinant human somatostatin receptor (hsst2, hsst4, hsst5) was substantially more effective in inhibiting GH secretion compared to glucagon and insulin release in rats.
• Uses: Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system.
• Indications: Somatostatin (or somatotropin release–inhibiting factor [SRIF]) occurs primarily as a 14–amino acid peptide, although a 28–amino acid form also exists.As with the other hypothalamic peptides, it is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a larger precursor. Somatostatin, originally isolated from the hypothalamus, is also in many other locations, including the cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, gut, urinary system, and skin. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of many substances in addition to growth hormone.
• Clinical Use: Somatostatin has a very brief half-life in serum and is not useful clinically.An 8–amino acid analogue with 2 D-amino acids substituted for the naturally occurring L-amino acids is more stable, and monthly injections of a depot form of this analogue (octreotide, Sandostatin LAR) have several uses. Long-acting octreotide is used to treat acromegaly, as described earlier. It is also used to counteract unpleasant effects caused by overproduction of secreted bioactive substances produced by neuroendocrine tumors, including hyperinsulinemia from insulinomas and secretions from carcinoid tumors that cause severe diarrhea. Octreotide may also control severe diarrhea associated with AIDS that has not responded to other treatments. Extensive SS analogs with improved pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and receptor subtype selectivity have been developed. These include nonpeptidergic analogs and octapeptides such as octreotide and lanreotide. Octreotide and lanreotide are long-acting sst2-preferring agonists, and are used for the treatment of acromegaly, gastroenteropancreatic tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, and other gastrointestinal disorders such as secretory diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding.