Insulin (human)

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Insulin (human)
• CAS No.: 11061-68-0
• Molecular Formula: C257H383N65O77S6
• Molecular Weight: 5807.57
• Hs Code.: 2937120000
• Mol file: 11061-68-0.mol

Synonyms:Humulin;Insulin (ox), 8A-L-threonine-10A-L-isoleucine-30B-L-threonine-;Humulin S;Incelligent SG;Insugen;Insulin (Cercopithecus aethiops);Insulin (Macaca fascicularis);Insulin (Macaca mulatta);Insulin (Pantroglodytes);Isuhuman;Jusline;VelosulineHM;Viaject;Novolin;NovolinR;Novolin ge Toronto;Penfil R;Ultraphane;Umulin;Velosulin HM;Human Protaphane;H-Tronin;Actrapid;Actrapid HM;Biohulin;

Chemical Property of Insulin (human)

Chemical Property:

• PSA: 2450.87000
• LogP: 5.20780
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility.: acidified water, pH?2.0: 2?mg/mL
• Water Solubility.: Soluble up to 10mg/ml in pH <3 or in the presence of surfactants. Adjusting pH with a volatile acid (such as formic acid) prior to dry down will allow the product to be re-dissolved in water.

Purity/Quality:

98%,99%, ^*data from raw suppliers

Insulin, Recombinant, Human ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Safety Statements: 22-24/25

MSDS Files:

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Biological functions: INS is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis in mammals because the peptide is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels.? INSR-A mainly enhances the effects of IGF-II during embryogenesis and fetal development, whereas INSR-B is predominantly expressed in adults and enhances the metabolic effects of INS. ProINS binds to INSR-A, which is present in the nervous system, to elicit antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects in the developing and postnatal nervous system. In the pancreas, the exocrine and endocrine components stimulate each other via intrapancreatic axes of communication. The insular-acinar axis is involved in the regulation of pancreatic digestive enzyme production in acinar cells located in the blood downstream of β-cells, and the acini-insular axis is involved in the regulation of INS release by pancreatic enzymes.
• Description: Insulin (INS) is the only hormone lowering blood glucose levels in vertebrates. However, the importance of insulin in the carbohydrate metabolism may differ between mammals and other vertebrates. Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered a substance that lowered blood sugar levels in the dog pancreas in 1921, and this was immediately applied to diabetes care. The primary structure of INS has been reported in many vertebrates, including agnathans, fish, and tetrapods.
• Uses: Insulin shows a broad range of activities on a variety of somatic cells. Recombinant human insulin can be used to stimulate growth and proliferation of cultured cells and to investigate insulin activity on sensitive cells used in research studies. It is also a component of serum-free media formulations for most primary cells and cell lines. Antidiabetic.
• Clinical Use: In mammals and chickens, INS levels are routinely measured using commercial kits, and several studies have established specific immunoassays for fish. Many INS analogs, which show different durations of action, have been developed to treat diabetes. Alternative INS administration methods other than injection are via the lungs, nose, skin, and mouth. These have been developed using the insulin encapsulation technique with micro- or nanodelivery systems. Many medical drugs that stimulate INS release, both directly and indirectly, are commercially available. Sulfonylurea and glinides stimulate β-cells directly. The incretin GLP-1 analog can lower glucose concentrations by augmenting insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon release. In addition the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor inhibits incretin degradation and indirectly enhances the stimulation of incretin to β-cells. Thiazolidinedione improves the action of INS in the muscle and adipose tissue. Cone snail (Conus geographus) G1 is a naturally occurring B-chainminimized mimetic of INS, which strongly binds to human and fish INSR and activates receptor signaling. This peptide induces extremely rapid hypoglycemic shock.