PROLACTIN, HUMAN

Base Information

• Chemical Name: PROLACTIN, HUMAN
• CAS No.: 9002-62-4
• Molecular Weight: 0
• Mol file: 9002-62-4.mol

Synonyms:Adenohypophysealluteotropin; Adenohypophysial luteotropin; Anterior pituitary luteotropin;Bovine lactogenic hormone; Ferolactan; Galactin; Lactin; Lactogen, pituitary;Lactogenic hormone; Lactosomatotropic hormone; Lactosomatotropin; Luteotrophin;Luteotropic hormone; Luteotropic hormone LTH; Luteotropin; Mammotropin; PRL;Paralactin; Pituitary lactogenic hormone

Chemical Property of PROLACTIN, HUMAN

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: lyophilized powder
• PSA: 0.00000
• LogP: 0.00000
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C

Purity/Quality:

98%,99%, ^*data from raw suppliers

Prolactin ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): T
• Hazard Codes: T
• Statements: 60
• Safety Statements: 53-36/37/39-45

MSDS Files:

Useful:

• Biological functions: PRLRs are present in various tissues, including the mammary glands, ovary, pituitary, heart, lung, thymus, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland, uterus, skeletal muscle, skin, gill, and central nervous system. Although PRL1 is often associated with milk production,it has a wide range of physiological roles in humans and other vertebrates. Control of water and salt balance is an important function, especially in teleost fish. PRL1 controls the levels of sex steroids as a gonadotropic hormone. PRL1 has important cell cycle-related functions, acting as growth, differentiating, and antiapoptotic factors, especially in hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and the immune system. Tumors in peripheral tissues synthesize PRL1 to stimulate its own growth via paracrine/autocrine pathways. PRL1 also stimulates the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells that differentiate into oligodendrocytes responsible for the formation of myelin coating in the central nervous system, and may control behavior. In zebrafish, PRL2 can activate only one of two PRLR isoforms. Although the physiological function of PRL2 is not clear, it may play a role in the local regulation of extrapituitary tissues via PRLRs.
• Description: The hormone from the adenohypophysis, consisting of single chain of 198 amino acid residues with three disulphide linkages that stimulates lactation by the mammary glands, in conjunction with the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin. Prolactin secretion is normally suppressed by the hypothalamic prolactin inhibitory factor until after parturition. In birds stimulates secretion of crop milk by the crop glands.
• Uses: Prolactin is glycosylated.
• Indications: Human prolactin is similar in structure to human growth hormone, and both are good lactogens. In women, prolactin acts with other hormones on the mammary gland during pregnancy to develop lactation and after birth to maintain it. Hyperprolactinemia causes impotence in men and amenorrhea and infertility in women. Chronically elevated levels of circulating prolactin are associated with suppression of 17-β-estradiol and testosterone production in the ovaries and testes. Prolactin serum levels increase during pregnancy and breast-feeding, at least immediately after the birth. In both men and women, prolactin increases after sleep starts, continues to increase during the night, and increases markedly during stress. Prolactin release is episodic during the day. More than 20 hormones and neurotransmitters affect prolactin production, but the dominant physiological control is primarily negative, mediated by dopamine from the hypothalamus. Dopaminergic agonists inhibit prolactin release and antagonists, such as the antipsychotic drugs, increase release.
• Clinical Use: PRL1 levels are checked as part of a sex hormone work-up because elevated PRL1 secretion can suppress the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in men. Serum PRL1 levels are of some use in distinguishing epileptic seizures from psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, as the levels rise following an epileptic seizure. In addition, the measurement of PRL1 is important for the diagnosis of prolactinoma. Of the pituitary adenomas, prolactinoma is the only adenoma for which drug therapy is the first choice.