Ammonium Hydroxide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Ammonium Hydroxide
• CAS No.: 1336-21-6
• Deprecated CAS: 125888-87-1,132103-60-7,16393-49-0,178115-93-0,1252662-61-5,1269620-59-8,1313584-68-7,1398052-85-1,1252662-61-5,1313584-68-7,132103-60-7,1398052-85-1,16393-49-0,178115-93-0
• Molecular Formula: H5NO
• Molecular Weight: 35.0458
• Hs Code.: 28142000
• European Community (EC) Number: 215-647-6
• ICSC Number: 0215
• UN Number: 2672
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID4020080
• Wikipedia: Ammonia_solution,Ammonium hydroxide
• Mol file: 1336-21-6.mol

Synonyms:ammonium hydroxide;Hydroxide, Ammonium

Chemical Property of Ammonium Hydroxide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: colorless aqueous solution
• Vapor Pressure: 5990mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: -77 °C
• Boiling Point: 165 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 9.3(at 25℃)
• PSA: 23.06000
• Density: 0.91 g/mL at 20 °C
• LogP: 0.19940
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Water Solubility.: Miscible with water.
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 35.037113783
• Heavy Atom Count: 2
• Complexity: 0
• Transport DOT Label: Corrosive

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Ammonium Hydroxide ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): C,N
• Hazard Codes: C,N
• Statements: 34-50-22
• Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-61

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Bases
• Canonical SMILES: [NH4+].[OH-]
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of high concentrations of the vapour may cause laryngeal oedema, inflammation of the respiratory tract and pneumonia. Exposure could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. The effects may be delayed.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs.
• Description: Ammonium hydroxide is a colorless, liquid solution with a characteristic and pungent odor. It is ammonia combined with water. Ammonia (NH3) is a compound consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen. Both ammonia and ammonium hydroxide are very common compounds, found naturally in the environment (in air, water, and soil) and in all plants and animals, including humans. Ammonia is a source of nitrogen, an essential element for plants and animals. Ammonia is also produced by the human body – by our organs and tissues and by beneficial bacteria living in our intestines. Ammonia plays an important role in protein synthesis in the human body. In brief summary, all living things need proteins, which are comprised of some 20 different amino acids. While plants and microorganisms can synthesize most amino acids from the nitrogen in the atmosphere, animals cannot. For humans, some amino acids cannot be synthesized at all and must be consumed as intact amino acids. Other amino acids, however, can be synthesized by microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract with the help of ammonia ions. Thus, ammonia is a key player in the nitrogen cycle and in protein synthesis. Ammonia also helps maintain the body's pH balance.
• Uses: Ammonium hydroxide is widely utilized as a leavening agent or acidity regulator in food production. It serves as a precursor to some alkyl amines and is also used in the tobacco industry for flavor enhancement and as a processing aid. During furniture making, it combines with tannic acid and is used to darken or stain wood by making it iron salts. In chemical laboratories, it used for qualitative inorganic analysis, as a complexant and as a base. It is used to clean gold, silve, and platinum jewelry. It is an active component of Tollens' reagent (consisting of a solution of silver nitrate and ammonia) and is used to determine the presence of aldehyde or alpha-hydroxy ketone functional groups. Ammonium Hydroxide is an alkaline that is a clear, colorless solu- tion of ammonia which is used as a leavening agent, a ph control agent, and a surface finishing agent. it is used in baked goods, cheese, puddings, processed fruits, and in the production of caramels. Ammonium hydroxide is used as a cleaning agent and sanitizer in many household and industrial cleaners. Ammonium hydroxide is also used in the manufacture of products such as fertilizer, plastic, rayon and rubber. Aqueous ammonia is corrosive to aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloys, and galvanized surfaces. Aqueous ammonia is an excellent acid neutralizer.

Technology Process of Ammonium Hydroxide

There total 13 articles about Ammonium Hydroxide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

→ ammonium hydroxide (1336-21-6)

Guidance literature:

Reference yield:

sodium nitrate (7631-99-4) → ammonium hydroxide (1336-21-6)

Guidance literature:

With phosphoric acid; hydrogen; nitric acid; palladium on activated charcoal; germanium dioxide; at 40 ℃; Product distribution / selectivity;

Reference yield:

borane-ammonia complex (10043-11-5) + water (7732-18-5) → ammonium hydroxide (1336-21-6)

Guidance literature:

Irradiation;

DOI:10.1016/j.apcata.2013.07.019

upstream raw materials:

sodium nitrate

borane-ammonia complex

water

ammonia

Downstream raw materials:

rac-3-butylcyclohexanone

(+/-)-{[7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine

2-(3-nitrophenyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid amide

N-Cyclopropyl-1-[3-(4-ethylsulfinylphenyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydro[1,8]naphthyridin-4-one-3-carboxamide

Refernces

• 1、 Chan, Alice W. M.,Dou, Shi-Xue,Du, Yi,Hao, Weichang,Lei, Fengcai,Li, Jie,Li, Lejing,Liu, Yang,Mao, Chengliang,Quan, Fengjiao,Shi, Yanbiao,Wang, Bo,Wang, Jianfang,Wong, Po Keung,Xu, Liangpang,Yang, Jianhua,Yu, Jimmy C.,Zhan, Guangming,Zhang, Lizhi. "Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate on Strained Ruthenium Nanoclusters". . p. 7036 - 7046. Retrieved 2020.
• 2、 Li, Peishen,Zhou, Ziang,Wang, Qiang,Guo, Ming,Chen, Shaowei,Low, Jingxiang,Long, Ran,Liu, Wen,Ding, Peiren,Wu, Yunyun,Xiong, Yujie. "Visible-Light-Driven Nitrogen Fixation Catalyzed by Bi5O7Br Nanostructures: Enhanced Performance by Oxygen Vacancies". . p. 12430 - 12439. Retrieved 2020.
• 3、 Zhang, Qian,Hu, Shaozheng,Fan, Zhiping,Liu, Daosheng,Zhao, Yanfeng,Ma, Hongfei,Li, Fayun. "Preparation of g-C3N4/ZnMoCdS hybrid heterojunction catalyst with outstanding nitrogen photofixation performance under visible light via hydrothermal post-treatment". . p. 3497 - 3505. Retrieved 2016.
• 4、 Zhou, Gang,Li, Tinghui,Huang, Rong,Wang, Peifang,Hu, Bin,Li, Hao,Liu, Lizhe,Sun, Yan. "Recharged Catalyst with Memristive Nitrogen Reduction Activity through Learning Networks of Spiking Neurons". supporting information. p. 5378 - 5385. Retrieved 2021/05/04.