Histamine hydrochloride

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Histamine hydrochloride
• CAS No.: 51-45-6
• Molecular Formula: C5H9N3
• Molecular Weight: 111.147
• Hs Code.: 29332900
• NSC Number: 757057,257873
• UNII: F9I23AC4PQ
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID70946542
• Wikidata: Q27277851
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL535166
• Mol file: 51-45-6.mol

Synonyms:Ceplene;Histamine;Histamine Dihydrochloride;Histamine Hydrochloride;Peremin

Chemical Property of Histamine hydrochloride

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: White to slightly yellow powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0.000673mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 83-84 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 1.562
• Boiling Point: 331 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 6.04(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 180.3 °C
• PSA: 54.70000
• Density: 1.14 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.61120
• Storage Temp.: −20°C
• Water Solubility.: Soluble in water, alcohol, and hot chloroform.
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 2
• Exact Mass: 147.0563250
• Heavy Atom Count: 9
• Complexity: 64.7

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Histamine ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xn
• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Statements: 22-36/37/38-42/43
• Safety Statements: 22-26-36/37

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Canonical SMILES: C1=C(NC=N1)CCN.Cl
• Uses: Histamine inhibits the synthesis of IL-2 and γ-IFN in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lipopolysaccharide-induced synthesis of TNF-α in monocytes via H2?receptor activation. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. H1&2 agonist, edema induction, gastric secretion stimulant
• Indications: Sinus problems, hay fever, bronchial asthma, hives, eczema, contact dermatitis, food allergies, and reactions to drugs are all allergic reactions associated with the release of histamine and other autocoids, such as serotonin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. Histamine release is frequently associated with various inflammatory states and may be increased in urticarial reactions, mastocytosis, and basophilia. Histamine also acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Upon release from its storage sites, histamine exerts effects ranging from mild irritation and itching to anaphylactic shock and eventual death.
• Biological Functions: Histamine occurs in the brain, particularly in certain hypothalamic neurons, and evidence is strong that histamine is a neurotransmitter. Distribution of histamine, its synthetic enzyme (histidine decarboxylase), and methyl histamine (the major brain metabolite) is not uniform. Possible roles for histamine in the regulation of food and water intake, thermoregulation, hormone release, and sleep have been suggested.
• Clinical Use: Histamine has only minor uses in clinical medicine. In the past it was used to diagnose pernicious anemia, in which histamine fails to evoke the usual secretion of gastric acid. Histamine has been used to assess bronchial hyperreactivity, although this test may be quite hazardous for asthmatics. Today the main clinical use of histamine is as a positive control injection for allergy skin testing.

Technology Process of Histamine hydrochloride

There total 37 articles about Histamine hydrochloride which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 66.0%

4-cyanomethylimidazole (18502-05-1) → histamine (51-45-6)

Guidance literature:

With hydrazine hydrate; In ethanol; at 60 ℃; for 1h; Autoclave; Industrial scale;

Reference yield:

L-histidine (71-00-1) → histamine (51-45-6) + His (4998-57-6,26062-48-6,90081-11-1)

Guidance literature:

With sulfuric acid; at 240 - 250 ℃;

Reference yield:

L-histidine (71-00-1) → histamine (51-45-6)

Guidance literature:

With Enterobacter aerogenes DL-1 histidine decarboxylase; In aq. phosphate buffer; at 40 ℃; pH=6.8; Concentration; Kinetics; Enzymatic reaction;

DOI:10.1080/10826068.2014.940541

upstream raw materials:

4-(2-chloroethyl)-1H-imidazole

4-cyanomethylimidazole

monocloridrato di 2-(2-tiono-4-imidazolin-4-il)etilamina

D,L-histidine

Downstream raw materials:

[2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine

4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo<4,5-c>pyridine

5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxoimidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidine

4-{2-[2-(1⁽³⁾H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-phenol

Refernces

• 1、 Yamaguchi, Hiroki,Nakata, Kunio,Tatsumi, Moemi,Sugiki, Masayuki,Miyano, Hiroshi,Mizukoshi, Toshimi. "Development of a novel L-histidine assay method using histamine dehydrogenase and a stable mutant of histidine decarboxylase". . p. 13 - 20. Retrieved 2019.
• 2、 Zhu, Xianchun,Lu, Wentong,Zhang, Yazhou,Reed, Aisha,Newton, Brandon,Fan, Zhen,Yu, Hongtao,Ray, Paresh C.,Gao, Ruomei. "Imidazole-modified porphyrin as a pH-responsive sensitizer for cancer photodynamic therapy". . p. 10311 - 10313. Retrieved 2011.
• 3、 Zou, Yu,Hu, Wenzhong,Jiang, Aili,Tian, Mixia. "Partial Purification and Characterization of A Novel Histidine Decarboxylase from Enterobacter aerogenes DL-1". . p. 605 - 615. Retrieved 2015.
• 4、 Holtz,Heise. "-". . . Retrieved 1937.
• 5、 Holtz. "-". . p. 589. Retrieved 1937.