Phosphorus

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Phosphorus
• CAS No.: 7723-14-0
• Molecular Formula: P
• Molecular Weight: 36.0135
• Hs Code.: HOSPHORUS PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-768-7,918-594-3
• ICSC Number: 0628
• UN Number: 1381,1338
• Wikipedia: Phosphorus
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C47934
• Mol file: 7723-14-0.mol

Synonyms:Black Phosphorus;Phosphorus;Phosphorus 31;Phosphorus, Black;Phosphorus, Red;Phosphorus, White;Phosphorus, Yellow;Phosphorus-31;Red Phosphorus;White Phosphorus;Yellow Phosphorus

 This product is a nationally controlled contraband, and the Lookchem platform doesn't provide relevant sales information.

Chemical Property of Phosphorus

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: reddish-brown powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0.03 mm Hg ( 21 °C)
• Melting Point: 590 °C
• Boiling Point: 280 °C
• Flash Point: 30 °C
• PSA: 13.59000
• Density: 2.34 g/mL at 25 °C
• LogP: 0.05810
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility.: insoluble
• Water Solubility.: insoluble
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 30.973761998
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0

Purity/Quality:

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F,C,N,T+
• Hazard Codes: F,N,C,T+
• Statements: 11-16-52/53-50-35-26/28-17
• Safety Statements: 7-43-61-43C-45-38-26-5-27-6

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Phosphorus Compounds
• Canonical SMILES: [P]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: CCCG-ALCL-2020 for Chinese Children and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed High-risk ALCL
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: NeoAdjuvant Dynamic marker - Adjusted Personalized Therapy comparing trastuzumab-deruxtecan versus pacli-/docetaxel+carboplatin+trastuzumab+pertuzumab in HER2+ early breast cancer
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: A Phase 3, Phosphate Binder Switch Study of KHK7791 in Hyperphosphatemia Patients on Hemodialysis
• Inhalation Risk: Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the kidneys and liver. Exposure could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: The substance may have effects on the bone.
• Physical Properties: Elemental phosphorus in solid phase exists in three major allotropic forms: (1)white or yellow phosphorus that may occur in alpha or beta modification, (2) red phosphorus, and (3) black phosphorus. White phosphorus is a white, soft, wax-like transparent mass which often acquires a yellow appearance due to impurities, especially traces of red phosphorus. It has a garlic-like odor. It is made up of cubic crystals, has a density 1.82 g/cm3, and melts at 44.1°C to a colorless or yellowish liquid. X-ray diffraction studies and 31P-NMR analysis indicate tetrahedral P4 molecules with an interatomic distance of 2.21? , and the molecules are able to rotate freely in the crystals. When cooled below –76.9°C, the cubic alpha form converts to a hexagonal beta modification with a density 1.88 g/cm3. The beta form, unlike the alpha form, does not rotate freely in the crystal but has a fixed orientation of P4 molecules in the lattice. Red phosphorus is obtained from white phosphorus by heating at 230 to 240°C, allowing complete conversion to occur in about 48 hours. Conversion is catalyzed by sulfur, iodine, and selenium. The red allotrope also slowly deposits from liquid phosphorus or from a solution of white phosphorus, the rate and yield depending on catalysts, temperature, light, and other factors. Red phosphorus exhibits various modifications. Three important ones are an amorphous form at ordinary temperatures and two crystalline modifications which include a triclinic form and a hexagonal or a tetragonal form that may prevail at higher temperatures. There also are a few more modifications, all of which may coexist, accounting for variability in physical properties of red phosphorus. The triclinic variety of red phosphorus is the most stable of all allotropes of phosphorus at ordinary temperatures. Red phosphorus possesses a density of 2.0 to 2.31 g/cm3 and melts at 590°C. Black phosphorus is the third major allotropic form of phosphorus. It occurs in two forms, one is an amorphous modification having a laminar structure similar to graphite and the other is an orthorhombic crystalline form. The density of black phosphorus may vary between 2.20 to 2.69 g/cm3. Black phosphorus is obtained from white phosphorus by heating the latter at 220°C under an extremely high pressure of about 10,000 atm. When solid phosphorus of any form—white, red, or black—is melted, it forms the same liquid phosphorus. This liquid has a density of 1.74 g/cm3 and viscosity 1.69 centipoise at 50°C. Liquid phosphorus boils at 280.5°C. Upon cooling, liquid phosphorus solidifies to only white phosphorus. Liquid phosphorus and its vapors consist of tetrahedral P4 molecules. The vapors, on rapid condensation, convert to white phosphorus. While white and red phosphorus have high electrical resistivity, the black variety has a low resistivity of 0.71 ohm-cm at 0°C. Solubility also varies widely. White phosphorus is soluble in a number of organic solvents. It is very highly soluble in carbon disulfide, about 400 g/100 g solvent at 0°C and moderately soluble in benzene (~3.59 g/100g at 25°C) and exhibits lower solubility in ether (~1.5g/100g at 25°C). Red and black phosphorus are insoluble in organic solvents. White phosphorus is a flammable solid, igniting spontaneously in air at 35°C. Red and black phosphorus are nonflammable. The latter is difficult to ignite.
• Description: White or yellow white phosphorus is a yellow waxy or colourless, transparent, volatile crystalline solid, waxy appearance with a garlic-like odour. On exposure to light, it darkens and ignites in air. It is also called yellow phosphorus colour because of impurities. White phosphorus does not occur naturally but is manufactured from phosphate rocks. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene, ethanol, and chloroform, and is soluble in carbon disulphide. White phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen, easily catching fire at temperatures 10°C–15°C above room temperature. White phosphorus is used by the military in various types of ammunition and to produce smoke for concealing troop movements and identifying targets. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and other chemicals for use in fertilisers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. Small amounts of white phosphorus were used in the past in pesticides and fireworks.White phosphorus is used mainly for producing phosphoric acid and other chemicals. These chemicals are used to make fertilisers, additives in foods and drinks, cleaning compounds, and other products. In the military, white phosphorus is used in ammunitions such as mortar and artillery shells, and grenades.
• Physical properties: Although phosphorus is in group 15 with some other metalloids, it is usually classed as anonmetal since it resembles nitrogen somewhat, the element above it in group 15. Both areessential to the biochemical field as vital elements to support life. Phosphorus has 10 knownallotropic forms. This is an unusually high number for any element. A system of categorizingthe allotropes by three colors has made it easier to keep track of them. These three colors arewhite, red, and black phosphorus.White phosphorus has a white waxy appearance that turns slightly yellow with age andimpurities. There are two allotropic forms of white phosphorus. The alpha (α) form has acubic crystal structure, and the beta (β) form has a hexagonal crystalline structure. Whitephosphorus is extremely reactive and will spontaneously burst into flame when exposed to airat a temperature of about 35°C. It must be kept under water. But this property of spontaneouscombustion has made it useful for military applications.White phosphorus is the most useful version of the three allotropes, and it is used inprocesses to manufacture the other two versions of phosphorus. White phosphorus’s meltingpoint 44.15°C, its boiling point is 280.5°C, and its density is 1.82 c/cm3.Exposing white phosphorus to a process of heat produces red phosphorus. Red phosphorushas a density of 2.34 g/cm3.Black phosphorus also starts with heating white phosphorus. The difference is that thewhite phosphorus is heated in the presence of a mercury catalyst and a small amount ofalready-formed black phosphorus. Its density is 2.4 g/cm3.
• Uses: It is used to make safety matches, incendiary shells,andsmokebombs;inpyrotechnics;and in the manufacture of fertilizers, pesticides, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus halides. The allotropes and compounds of phosphorus have many important uses and are anessential commercial commodity. Phosphorus is essential to all living tissue, both plant andanimal. It is the main element in the compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the mainenergy source for living things.Red phosphors are formed either by heating white phosphorus or by exposing white phosphorusto sunlight. It is quite different from the explosive white phosphorus. For instance,when scratched on a surface, the heads of safety matches made of red phosphorus convert backto white phosphorus and ignite due to the heat of the slight friction of the match on a roughsurface. Red phosphorus is also used in fireworks, smoke bombs, and pesticides and to makephosphoric acid, electroluminescent paints, and fertilizers.Most elemental phosphorus is used to manufacture phosphoric acid, a solid that is usedto produce triple-phosphate fertilizers. Some soils require large amounts of phosphorus toproduce a viable crop.Sodium tripolyphosphate is the main phosphate found in detergents. It acts as a watersoftener and counteracts the elements that are responsible for “hard water” while at the sametime making the detergent a more effective cleaner. Phosphorus is an essential constituent of plants and animals, being present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), bones, teeth and other components of high biological importance. Phosphorus does not occur in its elemental state in nature, as it readily oxidises and therefore is deposited as phosphate rock. The remaining elements of group 15 are mostly obtained from minerals, but can also be found in their elemental form in the earth’s crust.

Technology Process of Phosphorus

There total 7 articles about Phosphorus which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

lithium aluminium tetrahydride (16853-85-3) + phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8,874483-75-7) → phosphorane (7723-14-0) + phosphan (7803-51-2)

Guidance literature:

In not given; byproducts: H2; reduction of PCl5 with LiAlH4; formation of decompn. products of PH5;;

Reference yield:

lithium borohydride + phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8,874483-75-7) → phosphorane (7723-14-0) + phosphan (7803-51-2)

Guidance literature:

In not given; byproducts: H2; reduction of PCl5 with LiBH4; formation of decompn. products of PH5;;

Reference yield:

hydrogen + phosphan (7803-51-2) → phosphorane (7723-14-0)

Guidance literature:

In not given; byproducts: H2; react. of H with PH3 at ambient temp. or at the temp. of liquid air;;

DOI:10.1039/tf9393501432

upstream raw materials:

lithium aluminium tetrahydride

phosphorus pentachloride

phosphan

Downstream raw materials:

benzyl 6-(3-methoxycarbonylprop-2-ene-1-yl)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate

ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide

Refernces

• 1、 -. "β-Lactam antibiotics, a process for their prepaeration and their use in pharmaceutical compositions". . . Retrieved 2008/06/13.