Betaine

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Betaine
• CAS No.: 107-43-7
• Deprecated CAS: 11042-12-9,24980-93-6,45631-77-4,590-30-7,24980-93-6,45631-77-4,590-30-7
• Molecular Formula: C5H11NO2
• Molecular Weight: 117.148
• Hs Code.: 29239000
• European Community (EC) Number: 203-490-6
• NSC Number: 166511
• UNII: 3SCV180C9W
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID8022666
• Wikipedia: Trimethylglycine
• Wikidata: Q10860583
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C81038
• RXCUI: 1512
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 37042
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL1182
• Mol file: 107-43-7.mol

Synonyms:Acidin Pepsin;Acidin-Pepsin;AcidinPepsin;Betaine;Betaine Hydrochloride;Betaine, Glycine;C.B.B.;Citrate de Béta?ne Beaufour;Citrate de Béta?ne UPSA;Cystadane;Glycine Betaine;Hepastyl;Hydrochloride, Betaine;Lycine;Novobetaine;Oxyneurine;Scorbo béta?ne;Scorbo-béta?ne;Scorbobéta?ne;Stea 16;Stea-16;Stea16

Chemical Property of Betaine

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: white cryst. powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0.05Pa at 25℃
• Melting Point: 301-305 °C (dec.)
• Refractive Index: 1.4206 (estimate)
• Boiling Point: 218.95°C (rough estimate)
• PKA: 1.83(at 0℃)
• PSA: 40.13000
• Density: 1.00 g/mL at 20 °C
• LogP: -1.55750
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Sensitive.: Hygroscopic
• Solubility.: methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear
• Water Solubility.: 160 g/100 mL
• XLogP3: 0.5
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Exact Mass: 117.078978594
• Heavy Atom Count: 8
• Complexity: 87.6

Purity/Quality:

98% ^*data from raw suppliers

Betaine, anhydrous 98+% ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xn
• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Statements: 20/21/22-36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 24/25-36-26

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Quaternary Amines
• Drug Classes: Genetic Disorder Agents
• Canonical SMILES: C[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Potential Synergistic Effect of Combined Blood Flow Restriction Training and Betaine Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: BetH?m2012: A monocenter, single-blind, randomized, 2-armed, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to investigate coagulation markers in patients with haemophilia A after administration of Betain
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Effect of betaine (trimethyl glycine) from sugar beet on metabolic syndrome
• Uses: 1. Adding betaine to the feed has protective effects on the vitamins contained in the feed, also makes feed be tolerable to high temperature and can subject to long-term storage, and thus greatly improving feed utilization rate as well as reducing the costs. Adding 0.05% betaine to the chicken feed can substitute 0.1% methionine; adding betaine to the bait have palatability effect on both fishes and shrimp, thus betaine can be used as the swelling agent of aquatic product in large amount. Adding betaine to the pig feed added betaine can increase the appetite of pigs and increase the rate of lean meat. 1kg Betaine is equivalent to 3.5kg of methionine. The ability to provide methyl of betaine is 1.2 times as strong as that of choline chloride, and 3.8 times as strong as that of methionine with a very significant feed efficiency. 2. It is used as betaine type amphoteric surfactants, also used as leveling agent of dye vat dyes. 3. It can be used as feed grade anhydrous betaine for being as a feed additive. It is a natural and efficient methyl donor which can partially substitute methionine and choline chloride, lower the feed costs, reduce back-fat of pig, and increase the rate lean meat and carcass quality. 4. It can be used for lowering blood pressure, anti-fatty liver and anti-aging. 5. It can be used as a feed additive for promoting animal growth and increased disease resistance. Betaine has been used to study the effects of antioxidants on regrowth from cryopreservation. Betaine is an active ingredient in toothpaste to control the symptoms of dryness of the mouth. It is used to treat homocystinuria, which is a defect in the major pathway of methionine biosynthesis. It is also used for boosting the immune system and for improving athletic performance. It is helpful to prevent noncancerous tumors in the colon (colorectal adenomas). betaine is a surfactant, humectant, and excellent skin conditioner. It is also used to build product viscosity and as a foam booster. It is found mostly in skin cleansers, shampoos, and bath products.
• Production method: It is recycled from beet sugar mother liquor, and can also be used for synthetic production. 1. Extraction method. The mother liquor of beet sugar contains 12%-15% of the betaine, which can directly used for recycle. Heat 300 parts of the mother liquor to 50 °C, add 80 parts of calcium chloride, stir and filter while hot for a certain time. The filtrate was acidified with hydrochloric acid after cooling for crystallization at 20-30 °C, after separation, dry to obtain 30 parts of betaine. 2. Synthesis method through the quaternization between chloroacetate and trimethylamine. Use 16% sodium hydroxide solution for neutralization of 195 parts of 48.6% aqueous solution of chloroacetate into sodium chloroacetate and then mix with 360 parts of 16.4% trimethylamine for ventilation at 50 °C for 1h, then ventilate at 80 °C for 1 h. The reaction was diluted and further adhered by ion exchange resin (Dowex-50-8) with ammonia elution to obtain the betaine solution. It further undergoes vacuum concentration and crystallization to obtain the final product.

Technology Process of Betaine

There total 58 articles about Betaine which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 90.1%

choline chloride (67-48-1) → betaine (107-43-7)

Guidance literature:

With sodium hypochlorite; sodium chlorite; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; In acetonitrile; for 10h; Solvent;

Reference yield:

L-homocysteine (6027-13-0) → dimethylsulfonioacetate (4727-41-7) + betaine (107-43-7)

Guidance literature:

ueber die Methylierung in Gegenwart von Transmethylase-Praeparaten aus Leber und Niere unter anaeroben Bedingungen;

Reference yield:

({[(carboxymethyl-carbamoyl)-methyl]-carbamoyl}-methyl)-trimethyl-ammonium; hydroxide → betaine (107-43-7) + glycine (56-40-6,18875-39-3,25718-94-9)

Guidance literature:

upstream raw materials:

diazomethane

diethyl ether

glycine

methylene chloride

Downstream raw materials:

1-(methylthio)pentane

dimethylaminoacetic acid

L-methionine

n-butyl methyl sulfide

Refernces

• 1、 Allouche-Arnon, Hyla,Gamliel, Ayelet,Sosna, Jacob,Gomori, J. Moshe,Katz-Brull, Rachel. "In vitro visualization of betaine aldehyde synthesis and oxidation using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy". . p. 7076 - 7078. Retrieved 2013.
• 2、 Haberfield, Paul,Fortier, Daniel. "Proximate Charge Effects. 5. Enthalpies of Solvent Transfer of Reactants and Transition States in the Saponification of Betaine Ethyl Ester". . p. 4554 - 4557. Retrieved 1983.
• 3、 Chevalier, Yves,Perchec, Pierre Le. "Intercharge Distance of Flexible Zwitterionic Molecules in Solution". . p. 1768 - 1774. Retrieved 1990.
• 4、 Bednarz, Szczepan,B?aszczyk, Alicja,B?azejewska, Diana,Bogda?, Dariusz. "Free-radical polymerization of itaconic acid in the presence of choline salts: Mechanism of persulfate decomposition". . p. 297 - 304. Retrieved 2015.
• 5、 Wang, Chen-I,Periasamy, Arun Prakash,Chang, Huan-Tsung. "Photoluminescent C-dots@RGO probe for sensitive and selective detection of acetylcholine". . p. 3263 - 3270. Retrieved 2013.
• 6、 ?olak, ?zlem,Arslan, Fatma,Arslan, Halit,Bodur, Onur Can,Di?li, Ali,Hasano?lu ?zkan, Elvan,Sar?, Nur?en. "Preparation of acetylcholine biosensor for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease". . . Retrieved 2021.
• 7、 -. "Preparation method of environment-friendly glycine betaine". Paragraph 0028-0036. . Retrieved 2020/08/29.