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| CAS No.: | 59392-53-9 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Maitotoxin |
| Molecular Structure: | |
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| Formula: | C164H258 O68 S2 . 2 Na |
| Molecular Weight: | 3426.30 |
| Synonyms: | 2H-Bispyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b:2',3'-e]pyran,maitotoxin deriv.; 2H-Pyrano[2'''',3'''':5''',6''']pyrano[2''',3''':6'',7'']oxepino[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b]pyrano[2''',3''':5'',6'']pyrano[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-g]oxocin,maitotoxin deriv.;2H-Pyrano[3,2-b]pyrano[2''',3''':5'',6'']pyrano[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-f]oxepin,maitotoxin deriv.;Bispyrano[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b:2',3'-f]oxepin,maitotoxin deriv.; Pyrano[3,2-b]pyran, maitotoxin deriv.; Maitotoxin 1 |
| Solubility: | Soluble in water, methanol, DMSO and aqueous acetonitrile. Insoluble in other organic solvents |
| Appearance: | colorless solid |
| Hazard Symbols: | A poison. |
| Safety: | A poison by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of SOx. |
| PSA: | 1011.42000 |
| LogP: | 0.45250 |
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Chemistry
Molecular Structure of Maitotoxin (CAS NO.59392-53-9):
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Molecular formula C164H256O68S2Na2
Molar mass 3422 g/mol
Toxicity Data With Reference
| 1. | ipr-mus LD50:50 ng/kg | JACSAT Journal of the American Chemical Society. 115 (1993),2060. |
Safety Profile
A poison by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of SOx.
Specification
Maitotoxin (CAS NO.59392-53-9) is an extremely potent toxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus, a dinoflagellate species. Maitotoxin is so potent that it has been demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of 0.13 µg/kg was lethal in mice.Maitotoxin was named from the ciguateric fish Ctenochaetus striatus—called “maito” in Tahiti—from which maitotoxin was isolated for the first time - later it was shown that maitotoxin is actually produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus.
Maitotoxin is known to activate cytosolic calcium-activated proteases calpain-1 and calpain-2, contributing to necrosis. The toxicity of maitotoxin to mice is the highest in nonprotein toxins: the LD50 is 50 ng/kg.The molecule itself exists as a system of 32 fused rings. It is one of the largest and most complex non-protein, non-polysaccharide molecules produced by an organism.