102746-75-8Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of Tertiary Benzylic Nitriles via Nickel-Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydrocyanation of α-Substituted Styrenes
Xing, Yidan,Yu, Rongrong,Fang, Xianjie
, p. 1008 - 1012 (2020/02/04)
The Markovnikov hydrocyanation of α-substituted styrenes enables the synthesis of tertiary benzylic nitriles under nickel catalysis. The Lewis-acid-free transformation features an unprecedented functional groups tolerance, including the-OH and-NH2 groups. A broad range of tertiary benzylic nitriles were obtained in good to excellent yields. In addition, an asymmetric version of this reaction was preliminarily investigated.
Ruthenium-catalyzed aldol and Michael reactions of nitriles. Carbon-carbon bond formation by α-C-H activation of nitriles
Murahashi, Shun-Ichi,Naota, Takeshi,Taki, Hiroshi,Mizuno, Masahiko,Takaya, Hikaru,Komiya, Sanshiro,Mizuho, Yuji,Oyasato, Naohiko,Hiraoka, Makiko,Hirano, Masafumi,Fukuoka, Atsushi
, p. 12436 - 12451 (2007/10/03)
The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed reaction of nitriles with carbonyl compounds proceeds highly efficiently under neutral and mild conditions to give α,β-unsaturated nitriles. Under similar reaction conditions, nitriles react with olefins bearing electron-withdrawing groups to give the corresponding Michael adducts. The efficiency of the reaction is illustrated by the selective additions to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and acetylenes bearing electron-withdrawing groups, which are difficult to perform using conventional bases. Chemoselective aldol and Michael reactions of nitriles can be performed in the presence of other active methylene compounds. Tandem Michael and Michael-aldol condensations of nitriles 30 can be performed with high diastereoselectivity. These reactions can be rationalized by assuming oxidative addition of ruthenium(0) to the α-C-H bond of nitriles and subsequent insertions to carbonyl compounds or olefins. As the key intermediates and active catalysts hydrido(N-bonded enolato)ruthenium(II) complexes, mer-RuH(NCCHCO2R)(NCCH2CO2R)(PPh3)3 (R = Me (41a), Et (41b), n-Bu (41c)) have been isolated upon treatment of RuH2(PPh3)4 (3) or RuH(C2H4)(PPh3)2(PPh2C6H4) (4) with alkyl cyanoacetates. Kinetic study of the catalytic aldol reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzaldehyde indicates that the rate-determining step is the reaction of enolato complex 41 with aldehydes.
