103456-61-7Relevant articles and documents
9,10-Disubstituted-2-anthracenyl tert-Butyl Nitroxides. ESR Spectroscopic Indicators for Singlet Oxygen
Keana, John F. W.,Prabhu, Vaikunth S.,Ohmiya, Shigeru,Klopfenstein, Charles E.
, p. 3456 - 3462 (1986)
Our purpose is to develop a nitroxide-based ESR probe for singlet oxygen.Among the new anthracenyl nitroxides 1-4 prepared, nitroxide 1 is the most useful. 1 reacts with singlet oxygen to give endoperoxide 18 quantitatively in organic solvents as well as when 1 is incorporated in the bilayers of DMPC vesicles.The reaction is sufficiently rapid an the resulting changes in the ESR spectra are sufficiently characteristic so that the conversion of 1 into 18 may serve as an ESR-based probe for singlet oxygen.
Far-red fluorescence probe for monitoring singlet oxygen during photodynamic therapy
Kim, Sooyeon,Tachikawa, Takashi,Fujitsuka, Mamoru,Majima, Tetsuro
supporting information, p. 11707 - 11715 (2014/10/15)
Singlet oxygen (1O2), molecular oxygen in the lowest excited state, has a critical role in the cell-killing mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although 1O2 phosphorescence measurement has been mainly used to monitor 1O2 formation during PDT, its intensity is far insufficient to obtain two-dimensional images of intracellular 1O2 with the subcellular spatial resolution using the currently available near-IR detector. Here, we propose a new far-red fluorescence probe of 1O2, namely, Si-DMA, composed of silicon-containing rhodamine and anthracene moieties as a chromophore and a 1O2 reactive site, respectively. In the presence of 1O2, fluorescence of Si-DMA increases 17 times due to endoperoxide formation at the anthracene moiety. With the advantage of negligible self-oxidation by photoirradiation (θδ 1O2 during PDT. Among three different intracellular photosensitizers (Sens), Si-DMA could selectively detect the 1O2 that is generated by 5-aminolevulinic acid-derived protoporphyrin IX, colocalized with Si-DMA in mitochondria. On the other hand, mitochondria-targeted KillerRed and lysosomal porphyrins could not induce fluorescence change of Si-DMA. This surprising selectivity of Si-DMA response depending on the Sens localization and photosensitization mechanism is caused by a limited intracellular 1O2 diffusion distance (~300 nm) and negligible generation of 1O2 by type-I Sens, respectively. For the first time, we successfully visualized 1O 2 generated during PDT with a spatial resolution of a single mitochondrial tubule.