118399-22-7 Usage
Description
Nodularin is a hepatotoxic monocylic pentapeptide toxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. It is known for its potent inhibition of protein phosphatase types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), with IC50 values of 1.8 and 0.026 nM, respectively. Nodularin is commonly found in the drinking water of rural communities in developing countries and accumulates in various marine organisms such as mussels, flounder, and cod from the northern Baltic Sea.
Uses
1. Used in Research and Development:
Nodularin is used as a research tool for studying the inhibition of protein phosphatases, particularly PP1 and PP2A. Its potent inhibitory effects on these enzymes make it a valuable compound for understanding the roles of these phosphatases in cellular processes and their potential as therapeutic targets.
2. Used in Environmental Monitoring:
Nodularin is used as a biomarker for assessing the presence and impact of cyanobacterial contamination in drinking water and aquatic ecosystems. Monitoring the levels of Nodularin can help identify areas with potential health risks due to cyanobacterial toxins and inform appropriate mitigation measures.
3. Used in Pharmaceutical Development:
Nodularin's potent inhibition of protein phosphatases may have potential applications in the development of new drugs targeting these enzymes. Researchers can use Nodularin as a starting point for designing more selective and effective inhibitors for therapeutic use in various diseases.
4. Used in Toxicology Studies:
Nodularin is used in toxicology research to study the effects of cyanobacterial toxins on liver function and overall health. Understanding the mechanisms of Nodularin's hepatotoxicity can contribute to the development of strategies for preventing and treating cyanobacterial toxin-induced liver damage.
5. Used in Food Safety and Quality Control:
Nodularin is used as a contaminant indicator in the food industry, particularly in the monitoring of seafood products such as mussels, flounder, and cod. Ensuring low levels of Nodularin in these products is crucial for maintaining food safety and quality standards, protecting consumers from potential health risks associated with cyanobacterial toxins.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 118399-22-7 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,1,8,3,9 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 118399-22:
(8*1)+(7*1)+(6*8)+(5*3)+(4*9)+(3*9)+(2*2)+(1*2)=147
147 % 10 = 7
So 118399-22-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C41H60N8O10/c1-8-31-38(54)48-34(40(57)58)26(5)36(52)46-29(15-12-20-44-41(42)43)37(53)45-28(25(4)35(51)47-30(39(55)56)18-19-33(50)49(31)6)17-16-23(2)21-24(3)32(59-7)22-27-13-10-9-11-14-27/h8-11,13-14,16-17,21,24-26,28-30,32,34H,12,15,18-20,22H2,1-7H3,(H,45,53)(H,46,52)(H,47,51)(H,48,54)(H,55,56)(H,57,58)(H4,42,43,44)/b17-16+,23-21+,31-8+
118399-22-7Relevant articles and documents
Acyloxymethyl esterification of nodularin-R and microcystin-LA produces inactive protoxins that become reactivated and produce apoptosis inside intact cells
Herfindal, Lars,Kasprzykowski, Franciszek,Schwede, Frank,?ankiewicz, Leszek,Fladmark, Kari E.,?ukomska, Joanna,Wahlsten, Matti,Sivonen, Kaarina,Grzonka, Zbigniew,Jastorff, Bernd,D?skeland, Stein Ove
body text, p. 5759 - 5762 (2010/03/24)
We report the esterification of the carboxyl groups of the cyclic peptide toxins nodularin-R and microcystin-LA to produce stable diacetoxymethyl and dipropionyloxymethyl ester derivatives. The derivatives had no activity but were reactivated upon esteras
