118684-17-6Relevant articles and documents
Additive-freeN-methylation of amines with methanol over supported iridium catalyst
Liu, Xiang,Loh, Teck-Peng,Qiang, Wenwen,Wang, Jing,Ye, Sen,Zhu, Longfei
, p. 3364 - 3375 (2021/06/06)
An efficient and versatile zinc oxide-supported iridium (Ir/ZnO) catalyst was developed to catalyze the additive-freeN-methylation of amines with methanol. Mechanistic studies suggested that the high catalytic reactivity is rooted in the small sizes (1.4 nm) of Ir nanoparticles and the high ratio (93%) of oxidized iridium species (IrOx, Ir3+and Ir4+) on the catalyst. Moreover, the delicate cooperation between the IrOxand ZnO support also promoted its high reactivity. The selectivity of this catalyticN-methylation was controllable between dimethylation and monomethylation by carefully tuning the catalyst loading and reaction solvent. Specifically, neat methanol with high catalyst loading (2 mol% Ir) favored the formation ofN,N-dimethylated amine, while the mesitylene/methanol mixture with low catalyst loading (0.5 mol% Ir) was prone to producing mono-N-methylated amines. An environmentally benign continuous flow system with a recycled mode was also developed for the efficient production ofN-methylated amines. With optimal flow rates and amine concentrations, a variety ofN-methylamines were produced with good to excellent yields in this Ir/ZnO-based flow system, providing a starting point for the clean and efficient production ofN-methylamines with this cost-effective chemical process.
Two consecutive palladium(II)-promoted C-H alkenylation reactions for the synthesis of 3-alkenylquinolones
Ortiz-de-Elguea, Vernica,Sotomayor, Nuria,Lete, Esther
supporting information, p. 463 - 473 (2015/03/05)
Highly substituted quinolones are obtained through an efficient and atom economical procedure that involves two consecutive palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation reactions. A selective 6-endo intramolecular C-H alkenylation leads to 4-substituted quinolones that have been further functionalized at C-3 through a second intermolecular C-H alkenylation reaction.
LIGANDS FOR TRANSITION-METAL-CATALYZED CROSS-COUPLINGS, AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Page/Page column 128; 129, (2009/07/17)
Ligands for transition metals are disclosed herein, which may be used in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The disclosed methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.