1220015-96-2Relevant articles and documents
Room-temperature stille coupling of tetraarylstannanes via palladium-catalyzed C-H activation
Xue, Dong,Li, Jing,Liu, Yu-Xia,Han, Wen-Yong,Zhang, Zun-Ting,Wang, Chao,Xiao, Jianliang
, p. 1941 - 1946 (2012)
An effective room-temperature Stille cross-coupling of aryl ureas with tetraarylstannanes via palladium-catalyzed C-H bond activation is reported, providing a mild method for direct arylation of aromatic C-H bonds. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
Cationic Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/cross-coupling reactions at room temperature: Synthetic and mechanistic studies
Nishikata, Takashi,Abela, Alexander R.,Huang, Shenlin,Lipshutz, Bruce H.
supporting information, p. 1040 - 1064 (2016/07/06)
Cationic palladium(II) complexes have been found to be highly reactive towards aromatic C-H activation of arylureas at room temperature. A commercially available catalyst [Pd(MeCN)4](BF4)2 or a nitrile-free cationic palladium(II) complex generated in situ from the reaction of Pd(OAc)2 and HBF4, effectively catalyzes C-H activation/cross-coupling reactions between aryl iodides, arylboronic acids and acrylates under milder conditions than those previously reported. The nature of the directing group was found to be critical for achieving room temperature conditions, with the urea moiety the most effective in promoting facile coupling reactions at an ortho C-H position. This methodology has been utilized in a streamlined and efficient synthesis of boscalid, an agent produced on the kiloton scale annually and used to control a range of plant pathogens in broadacre and horticultural crops. Mechanistic investigations led to a proposed catalytic cycle involving three steps: (1) C-H activation to generate a cationic palladacycle; (2) reaction of the cationic palladacycle with an aryl iodide, arylboronic acid or acrylate, and (3) regeneration of the active cationic palladium catalyst. The reaction between a cationic palladium(II) complex and arylurea allowed the formation and isolation of the corresponding palladacycle intermediate, characterized by X-ray analysis. Roles of various additives in the stepwise process have also been studied.
Cationic palladium(II) catalysis: C-H activation/suzuki-miyaura couplings at room temperature
Nishikata, Takashi,Abela, Alexander R.,Huang, Shenlin,Lipshutz, Bruce H.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 4978 - 4979 (2010/06/14)
Cationic palladium(II) catalyst realized facile C?H activation of aryl urea with arylboronic acids at room temperature. This reaction is extremely mild to carry out aromatic CH activations through electrophilic substitution.