129496-10-2 Usage
Description
Milbemycin oxime is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone derived from the oxidation and oximation of a mixture of two natural products, milbemycin A3 and A4, in a ratio of approximately 30:70. It is an oral medication used as a dewormer and heartworm preventive for animals, particularly dogs and cats. Milbemycin oxime acts by opening glutamate-sensitive chloride channels in the neurons of invertebrates, leading to paralysis through hyperpolarization of these cells and blocking signal transfer.
Uses
Used in Veterinary Medicine:
Milbemycin oxime is used as an intestinal parasite dewormer for dogs and cats. It is effective in controlling a broad spectrum of nematodes and mites, including Sarcoptes and Demodex. However, it is less potent against heartworms compared to ivermectin.
Used in Heartworm Prevention:
Milbemycin oxime is used for heartworm prevention in dogs and cats. It is an essential component in the management of heartworm disease, which is a severe and potentially fatal condition in pets.
Used in Combination with Other Parasiticides:
To achieve a broader spectrum of action, milbemycin oxime is often combined with other parasiticides. Some examples of such products include Milbemax (with praziquantel) and Sentinel Flavor Tabs (with lufenuron).
Used in Marine Reef Aquaria:
Milbemycin oxime has been used in marine reef aquaria to control parasitic harptacoid copepod (Tegastidae) infestations on captive hard coral colonies. It is an effective full tank treatment for these parasites, as it is not toxic to corals in the dosage required to kill the parasites. However, shrimps, crabs, and other crustaceans should be removed prior to treatment, as they will be killed by the treatment.
Safety:
Studies support the safety of milbemycin products in Collies and other breeds prone to the MDR-1 gene mutation when used at the recommended heartworm prevention dose. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult a veterinarian before using the medication in higher doses or for breeds with known sensitivity to the drug.
Drug Interactions
Milbemycin should not used in combination with cyclosporine, quinidine or ketoconazole.
Mechanism of action
Like avermectins, milbemycins are products of fermentation by Streptomyces species. They have a similar mechanism of action, but a longer half-life than the avermectins. Milbemycin Oxime is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus aureolacrimosus. It opens glutamate sensitive chloride channels in neurons and myocytes of invertebrates, leading to hyperpolarisation of these cells and blocking of signal transfer.
Side Effects
The drug is tolerated well, even by dogs with multiple drug resistance. In high doses, it can cause side effects like stupor, tremor and ataxia.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Milbemycin tablets are labeled as a once-a-month heartworm
preventative (Dirofilaria immitis) and for hookworm control
(Ancylostoma caninum). It has activity against a variety of other
parasites, including adult hookworms (A. caninum), adult roundworms
(T. canis, T. leonina) and whipworms (Trichuris vulpis). In
cats, milbemycin has been used successfully to prevent larval infection
of Dirofilaria immitis.
Milbemycin, like ivermectin can be used for treatment of generalized
demodicosis in dogs, but treatment can be significantly more
expensive. It is likely safer to use in breeds susceptible to mdr1 genetic
mutation (Collies, Shelties, Australian shepherds, etc.) at the
doses used for this indication, but neuro toxicity is possible. Older
dogs, those that have had a long duration of disease prior to treatment,
and dogs with pododemodicosis appear have a lower success
rate with milbemycin treatment.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 129496-10-2 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,2,9,4,9 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 129496-10:
(8*1)+(7*2)+(6*9)+(5*4)+(4*9)+(3*6)+(2*1)+(1*0)=152
152 % 10 = 2
So 129496-10-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C32H45NO7.C31H43NO7/c1-6-27-21(4)12-13-31(40-27)17-25-16-24(39-31)11-10-20(3)14-19(2)8-7-9-23-18-37-29-28(33-36)22(5)15-26(30(34)38-25)32(23,29)35;1-18-7-6-8-23-17-36-28-27(32-35)21(4)14-26(31(23,28)34)29(33)37-25-15-24(10-9-19(2)13-18)39-30(16-25)12-11-20(3)22(5)38-30/h7-10,15,19,21,24-27,29,35-36H,6,11-14,16-18H2,1-5H3;6-9,14,18,20,22,24-26,28,34-35H,10-13,15-17H2,1-5H3/b8-7+,20-10+,23-9+,33-28-;7-6+,19-9+,23-8+,32-27-/t19-,21-,24+,25-,26-,27+,29+,31+,32+;18-,20-,22+,24+,25-,26-,28+,30-,31+/m00/s1
