1314-23-4 Usage
Description
Zirconium dioxide, also known as zirconia, is a white, heavy, amorphous powder or monoclinic crystals with a refractive index of 2.13, a density of 5.68 g/cm3, and a Mohs hardness of 6.5. It transforms to a tetragonal structure above 1,100°C and cubic form above 1,900°C. Zirconium dioxide has a melting point of 2,710°C and vaporizes at about 4,300°C. It is insoluble in water but soluble in hydrofluoric acid and hot sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids. Zirconium dioxide is one of the most heat-resistant commercial refractories and is also a dielectric.
Uses
Used in Ceramic Industry:
Zirconium dioxide is used as an abrasive for making grinding wheels and special sandpaper. It is also utilized in ceramic glazes, enamels, and as a lining for furnaces and high-temperature molds due to its resistance to corrosion at high temperatures.
Used in Laboratory Ware:
Zirconium dioxide is employed as a material for crucibles and other types of laboratory ware because of its high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.
Used in Vacuum Tube Production:
Zirconium dioxide serves as a "getter" to remove the last trace of air when producing vacuum tubes.
Used in Electroceramics:
Stabilized zirconia is used in oxygen sensors and fuel cell membranes due to its ability to allow oxygen ions to move freely through the crystal structure at high temperatures. This high ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity make it one of the most useful electroceramics.
Used in Electrochromic Devices:
Zirconium dioxide is used as the solid electrolyte in electrochromic devices.
Used in Manufacturing of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT):
Zirconia is a precursor to the electroceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which is a high-K dielectric found in various components.
Used in Refractory Material Production:
Zirconium oxide is used as a refractory material in various applications, including the production of highly reflective glazes for ceramics, glasses, linings of metallurgical furnaces, crucibles, and laboratory equipment.
Used in Lighting:
Zirconium oxide is used to produce oxyhydrogen and incandescent lights, as well as in the manufacture of heat-resistant fabrics and high-temperature electrodes and tools.
Used in Skin Disease Treatment:
The hydrous oxide of zirconium is used in treating dermatitis resulting from poison ivy.
Used in Manufacturing of Metallic Zirconium:
The mineral baddeleyite, the natural form of zirconium oxide, is used to produce metallic zirconium by the Kroll process, which is also used to produce titanium metal.
Used in Nuclear Industry:
Monoclinic nuclear zirconia is used for nuclear fuel elements, reactor hardware, and related applications where high purity (99.7%) is needed.
Used in Insulation and Abrasives:
Zirconium dioxide is utilized in insulation, abrasives, and enamels, as well as a protective coating on particles of titanium dioxide pigments.
Oral Biomaterials
Crystalline zirconium dioxide (zirconium oxide), ZrO2, called zirconia (not to be confused with zircon, which is a mineral, and Zirkon?, which is a product in the market) is manufactured for use as a white pigment from minerals by conversion to Zr(SO4)2, followed by hydrolysis. ZrO2 is used also as a refractory material (crucibles, furnace lining), and it is insoluble in water, only slightly soluble in HCl and HNO3, and, however, slowly soluble in HF upon heating with 66% H2SO4.
Zirconia is considered one of the best currently known biocompatible ceramic materials along with the metallic titanium.
Zirconium dioxide, or zirconia, ZrO2, is the word in presentday dentistry. We may say that zirconia is a material of choice in contemporary restorative dentistry for several reasons. Moreover, restorative dentistry is about adhesion promotion and about durable bonding of restorations. Zirconia has found wide applications in dental restorations, such as bridges, crowns, dental implant abutments, and full dental implant systems.
Zirconia caught attraction due its superior mechanical properties as superior flexure strength (which is 1200 MPa compared to 1000 MPa for steel), high fracture toughness, high hardness, excellent fatigue, and damage resistance. The material is resistant to chemical attacks and does not react easily with strong acids, alkalis, or other corrosive material. Regarding its physical properties, ZrO2 is a white and opaque material that does not dissolve or react with water and other solvents. It is an excellent thermal and chemical insulator and is used in fuel cells.
Preparation
Zirconium oxide occurs in nature as mineral baddeleyite. Ore is mined from natural deposits and subjected to concentration and purifcation by various processes. The oxide, however, is more commonly obtained as an intermediate in recovering zirconium from zircon, ZrSiO4 (See Zirconium, Recovery).
Also, the oxide may be prepared in the laboratory by thermal decomposition of zirconium hydroxide or zirconium carbonate:
Zr(OH)4 → ZrO2 + 2H2O
Zr(CO3)2 → ZrO2 + 2CO2
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Carcinogenicity
To simulate the chronic alpha radiation of Thorotrast, the
liver of female Wistar rats was exposed to fractionated
neutron irradiation at 14-day intervals (0.2Gy per fraction)
over 2 years to a total dose of 10.0Gy. Before the start of
irradiation, half of the animals received 120 mL of nonradioactive
Zirconotrast (ZrO2), which is comparable to
Thorotrast in all other physical and chemical properties.
The first liver tumor was detected 1 year after the beginning
of irradiation. At the end of the life span study, the
incidence of irradiated animals with liver tumors was about
40%. In the animals treated additionally with ZrO2, the
incidence, time of onset, and overall number of liver
tumors were nearly equal, indicating that the fractionated
neutron irradiation was the exclusive cause of tumor
development. The lifelong-deposited ZrO2 colloid had
no influence on tumor induction or development. Histological
types of benign and malignant liver tumors seen in
this study were the same as those seen in animals treated
with Thorotrast.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1314-23-4 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,3,1 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1314-23:
(6*1)+(5*3)+(4*1)+(3*4)+(2*2)+(1*3)=44
44 % 10 = 4
So 1314-23-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/2O.Zr/q2*-2;+4
1314-23-4Relevant articles and documents
MODIFIED ORGANOMETALLIC FRAMEWORK AND CATALYST FOR HYDROGENATION REACTION INCLUDING SAME
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, (2022/03/14)
The present disclosure relates to an organometallic framework modified using a compound having a hydroxyl group (—OH), a catalyst for a hydrogenation reaction including the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. The catalyst according to the present disclosure has high activity to the hydrogenation reaction even at a low temperature of 30 to 40° C., thus making low-grade waste heat usable.
Dental Posts
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Page/Page column, (2013/03/28)
The present invention pertains to the technical field of dental restorations, especially dental posts. One aspect of the present invention is a radio-opaque coated dental post. The post essentially consists of a core embedded in a thermoplastic or duroplastic material. The core is further coated with yet another resin with at least one radio-opaque additive. X-ray visibility especially at the outer margin of the post is significantly improved.
Ruthenium-based catalyst and use thereof in the selective hydrogenation of aromatic or polyunsaturated compounds
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, (2012/05/20)
Catalyst suitable for the hydrogenation of aromatic or polyunsaturated compounds comprising a zirconia carrier (ZrO2), containing ruthenium, as catalyst, and iron oxide (Fe2O3), as promoter, characterized in that at least one metal oxide, selected from those of the groups IB, IIB and IIIA, is present on the carrier as further promoter.
