1344698-26-5Relevant articles and documents
Design, synthesis characterization and biological evaluation of novel multi-isoform ALDH inhibitors as potential anticancer agents
Amin, Shantu,Battu, Madhu Babu,Bazewicz, Christopher G.,Chitren, Robert J.,Dinavahi, Saketh S.,Gowda, Krishne,Gowda, Raghavendra,Lin, Jyh Ming,Pandey, Manoj K.,Robertson, Gavin P.
, (2020)
The aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of detoxifying enzymes that are overexpressed in various cancers. Increased expression of ALDH is associated with poor prognosis, stemness, and drug resistance. Because of the critical role of ALDH in cancer stem cells, several ALDH inhibitors have been developed. Nonetheless, all these inhibitors either lack efficacy or are too toxic or have not been tested extensively. Thus, the continued development of ALDH inhibitors is warranted. In this study, we designed and synthesized potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibitors based on the isatin backbone. The early molecular docking studies and enzymatic tests revealed that 3(a–l) and 4(a–l) are the potent ALDH1A1, ALDHA2, and ALDH3A1 inhibitors. ALDH inhibitory IC50s of 3(a–l) and 4(a–l) were 230 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH1A1, 939 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH2 and 193 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH3A1. The most potent compounds 3(h–l) had IC50s for killing melanoma cells ranged from 2.1 to 5.7 μM, while for colon cancer cells, it ranged from 2.5 to 5.8 μM and for multiple myeloma cells ranging from 0.3 to 4.7 μM. Toxicity studies of 3(h–l) revealed that 3h to be the least toxic multi-ALDH isoform inhibitor. Mechanistically, 3(h–l) caused increased ROS activity, lipid peroxidation, and toxic aldehyde accumulation, secondary to potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibition leading to increased apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Together, the study details the design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, multi-isoform ALDH inhibitors to treat cancers.
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATING TO INHIBITION OF ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASES FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER
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Paragraph 0009; 00220; 00231, (2020/11/03)
Disclosed are compositions and methods for inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenases. In further aspects, treatment of cancers by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenases with the disclosed compositions are also disclosed.
