135982-11-5Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of 9- and 12-nitro conjugated linoleic acid: Regiospecific isomers of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienes
Woodcock, Steven R.,Salvatore, Sonia R.,Freeman, Bruce A.,Schopfer, Francisco J.
, (2021)
Conjugated diene-containing fatty acids (rumenic and rumelenic acids) are major substrates for nitration under physiological conditions. Their nitrated products are present in human urine. These nitrodiene-containing lipid electrophiles contain a strongly electron-withdrawing pair of conjugated double bonds amenable to nucleophilic attack in biological milieu, which affords them pluripotent signaling capabilities. We report synthetic methods to obtain useful quantities of three main biological nitrated fatty acids (9- and 12-nitro-conjugated linoleic acids and 9-nitro-conjugated linolenic acid) in six or seven steps from commercially available starting materials, for biological evaluation of these naturally occurring biomolecules.
Chemoproteomic profiling reveals cellular targets of nitro-fatty acids
Chen, Yi-Ting,Fang, Ming-Yu,Hsiao, Wan-Chi,Huang, Kuan-Hsun,Ke, Yi-Yu,Pan, Pei-Yun,Tsou, Lun K.,Tu, Wei-Ju,Zhang, Mingzi M.
, (2021/09/14)
Nitro-fatty acids are a class of endogenous electrophilic lipid mediators with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in a wide range of inflammatory and fibrotic disease models. While these beneficial biological effects of nitro-fatty acids are mainly attributed to their ability to form covalent adducts with proteins, only a small number of proteins are known to be nitro-alkylated and the scope of protein nitro-alkylation remains undetermined. Here we describe the synthesis and application of a clickable nitro-fatty acid probe for the detection and first global identification of mammalian proteins that are susceptible to nitro-alkylation. 184 high confidence nitro-alkylated proteins were identified in THP1 macrophages, majority of which are novel targets of nitro-fatty acids, including extended synaptotagmin 2 (ESYT2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1). In particular, we showed that 9-nitro-oleate covalently modified and inhibited dexamethasone binding to NR3C1. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that nitro-alkylated proteins are highly enriched in endoplasmic reticulum and transmembrane proteins, and are overrepresented in lipid metabolism and transport pathways. This study significantly expands the scope of protein substrates targeted by nitro-fatty acids in living cells and provides a useful resource towards understanding the pleiotropic biological roles of nitro-fatty acids as signaling molecules or as multi-target therapeutic agents.
PCSK9 ANTAGONIST COMPOUNDS
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, (2021/06/26)
Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (I) wherein A, A1, A2, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, which compounds have properties for antagonizing PCSK9. Also described are pharmaceutical formulations comprising the compounds of Formula I or their salts, and methods of treating cardiovascular disease and conditions related to PCSK9 activity, e.g. atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, acute coronary syndrome, or related cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic conditions.
