1404-88-2

Basic information

• Product Name: TYROTHRICIN
• Synonyms: bactratycin;coltirot;dermotricine;duboscrudecrystals;hydrotricine;intradermtyrothricin;martricin;soluthricin
• CAS NO: 1404-88-2
• Molecular Formula: C6H13NO5
• Molecular Weight: 179.17112
• EINECS: 215-771-0
• Mol File: 1404-88-2.mol
• Article Data: 0

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 1516.6°Cat760mmHg
• Flash Point: 871°C
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.32g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 0mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.635
• Solubility: Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent) and in methanol.
• CAS DataBase Reference: TYROTHRICIN(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: TYROTHRICIN(1404-88-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: TYROTHRICIN(1404-88-2)

Safety Data

• Safety Statements: 22-24/25
• WGK Germany: 2
• RTECS: YP2975000
• Hazardous Substances Data: 1404-88-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Tyrothricin is an antibiotic produced by the growth of Bacillus brevis, discovered by Dubos in 1939. It is a complex of two unrelated peptide families, the gramicidin complex and the tyrocidines complex. Typically, tyrothricin is composed of 20% linear pentadecylpeptide gramicidins and 80% cyclic decapeptide tyrocidines. Both components act by disrupting bacterial cell wall integrity, but through different mechanisms. Tyrothricin is a white or almost white powder and is known by the brand name Bactratycin (Wallace).

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Tyrothricin is used as an antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial skin infections in some countries. It is active against some Gram-positive bacteria, including species of pneumococci, streptococci, and staphylococci. The use of tyrothricin is generally limited to local external applications due to its composition and mechanism of action.
Used in Clinical Applications:
In clinical settings, tyrothricin is utilized as a topical antibiotic to combat bacterial skin infections. Its effectiveness is attributed to the combined action of gramicidins and tyrocidines, which disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell walls, leading to the inhibition of bacterial growth and resolution of infections.

History

At the Rockefeller Institute in New York in 1939, Rene Dubos isolated a bactericidal, proteinfree extract from Bacillus brevis.11 This material, tyrothricin, was soon shown to consist mainly of a cyclic decapeptide called tyrocidin, together with a similar compound called gramicidin S, which was 50 times as potent.12 Their structures were elucidated by Richard Synge at the Lister Institute in London using paper chromatography in one of its earliest applications.13,14 Although both components were able to protect mice against pneumococci, they were too toxic for general use. ? Tyrothricin was suitable only for topical application. It was marketed in the USA by Sharp & Dohme in 1942 for treatment of Gram-positive infections. Since then, it has been universally used in throat lozenges as a non-prescription antibiotic, but the commercial success of this type of product has been largely due to the incorporation of benzocaine, a topical anaesthetic that soothes sore throats.

InChI:InChI=1/C65H85N11O13/c1-38(2)32-49-60(84)74-52(36-42-20-12-7-13-21-42)65(89)76-31-15-23-53(76)63(87)73-51(34-41-18-10-6-11-19-41)61(85)70-47(33-40-16-8-5-9-17-40)57(81)48(37-54(67)78)71-59(83)46(28-29-55(79)80)68-50(35-43-24-26-44(77)27-25-43)62(86)75-56(39(3)4)64(88)69-45(22-14-30-66)58(82)72-49/h5-13,16-21,24-27,38-39,45-53,56,68,77H,14-15,22-23,28-37,66H2,1-4H3,(H2,67,78)(H,69,88)(H,70,85)(H,71,83)(H,72,82)(H,73,87)(H,74,84)(H,75,86)(H,79,80)/t45-,46-,47+,48-,49-,50-,51-,52+,53-,56-/m0/s1

Related news

Original articleStudies to determine the ability of TYROTHRICIN (cas 1404-88-2) to sensitize the skin09/08/2019

1.1. Within the limits of the described experiments, it can be said that sensitivity to tyrothricin could not be demonstrated.2.2. Tyrothricin would appear, therefore, to be a poor sensitizing agent.detailed

Characterisation of the tyrocidine and gramicidin fractions of the TYROTHRICIN (cas 1404-88-2) complex from Bacillus brevis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry☆09/07/2019

The tyrothricin peptide complex, isolated from the fermentation broth of Bacillus brevis, is comprised of a basic fraction of cyclic decapeptides (the tyrocidines) and a neutral fraction composed of linear peptides (the gramicidins). Previously, five cyclic compounds (tyrocidines A–E) had been ...detailed

ArticlesEffect of Actamer® and TYROTHRICIN (cas 1404-88-2) on Oral Microorganisms09/06/2019

The effect on the oral microbial flora of lozenges containing Actamer® and tyrothricin, singly and in combination, has been determined. The agents when administered alone significantly decreased the total numbers of microorganisms for at least one- half hour after dissolution of a single lozenge...detailed

An investigation of the TYROTHRICIN (cas 1404-88-2) complex by tandem mass spectrometry09/03/2019

Tandem mass spectrometry has been shown to be a powerful technique for determining the structures of biological compounds. This paper details the mass spectrometric methods employed to characterise the structural variations found within a mixture of cyclic decapeptides, tyrothricin, produced by ...detailed

Development and validation of chromatographic methods (HPLC and GC) for the determination of the active components (benzocaine, TYROTHRICIN (cas 1404-88-2) and menthol) of a pharmaceutical preparation09/02/2019

Methods are reported for the determination of tyrothricin and benzocaine by HPLC and menthol by GC in the analysis of throat lozenges (tablets) containing all three compounds. After optimization of the variables involved in both HPLC and GC the methods have been characterized and validated accor...detailed