147059-72-1 Usage
Description
Trovafloxacin, a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative, is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic characterized by its 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid structure with additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro, and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6, and 7, respectively. It was initially used as an antibacterial agent but was withdrawn from the market due to the risk of liver failure. Trovafloxacin has also been identified as an inhibitor of pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels, which contributes to its ability to attenuate neuroinflammation and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury in mice.
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Trovafloxacin is used as an antibiotic for treating bacterial infections. It was initially employed for its broad-spectrum activity against various bacterial pathogens, providing a valuable treatment option for different types of infections.
Used in Research and Development:
Trovafloxacin serves as a research compound, particularly in the study of pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels. Its role as an inhibitor of these channels has led to a better understanding of their function and potential therapeutic applications in conditions involving neuroinflammation, such as traumatic brain injury.
Used in Drug Safety Studies:
The withdrawal of Trovafloxacin from the market due to the risk of liver failure highlights the importance of drug safety studies. It is used as a case study to evaluate the safety profiles of new drugs and to develop strategies for minimizing adverse effects in patients.
Brand Name:
Trovan (Pfizer) is the brand name under which Trovafloxacin was marketed before its withdrawal from the market.
Originator
Trovan,Pfizer,USA
Manufacturing Process
N-Benzylmaleimide (500 g, 2.67 mole), 90% bromonitromethane (831 g, 5.34
mole), powdered molecular sieves 200 mesh (2020 g) and toluene (12 dm3)
were stirred under nitrogen at -10°C. 1,2-Dimethyl-1,4,5,6-
tetrahydropyrimidine (616 g, 5.49 mole) was added slowly over about 3 h
maintaining the reaction temperature at <-8°C throughout the addition. After
completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at 25°C,
filtered under a nitrogen atmosphere in a sealed pressure filter to remove
sieves and resulting tar, and the sieves were washed with toluene (2 L). The
combined filtrates were washed with 2 N dilute hydrochloric acid (3 times 750
cm3), treated with carbon (50 g) at 70°C, 1 h filtered, concentrated, and
triturated with 2-propanol (about 4 dm3) to obtain crystals of the (1α,5α,6α)-
3-N-benzyl-6-nitro-2,4-dioxo-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (223 g, 34%) melting
point 116°-118°C.
Tetrahydrofuran (350 cm3), sodium borohydride (14.1 g) and (1α,5α,6α)-3-N_x0002_benzyl-6-nitro-2,4-dioxo-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (35.0 g, mmol) obtained
above were stirred under nitrogen for 0.25 h and then treated dropwise with
boron trifluoride-THF complex containing 21.5% BF3 (44.9 cm3) so that the
exotherm was controlled to <40°C. After addition was completed, the reaction
mixture was stirred for 3 h at 40°C, quenched slowly with water/THF 1:1 (70
cm3) to avoid excessive foaming, and stirred for 0.5 h at 50°C to ensure that
the quench of unreacted diborane generated in situ was completed. The
quench formed a salt slurry which was filtered and washed with THF (140
cm3); the combined filtrate was partially concentrated, diluted with water (350
cm3) and further concentrated to remove most of the THF, and extracted with
ethyl acetate (140 cm3). The resulting ethyl acetate solution was concentrated
to afford the (1α,5α,6α)-3-N-benzyl-6-nitro-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane as a
clear oil (30.6 g, 97%).
(1α,5α,6α)-3-N-Benzyl-6-nitro-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (30.9 g, 142 mmol)
obtained above, 2-propanol (310 cm3), water (30 cm3), and 10% Pd on
carbon, 50% water content (12.3 g) were hydrogenated at 50 psi and 50°C
for 18-24 h in a Parr shaker. The Pd catalyst was filtered off, and the resulting
pale yellow filtrate was azeotropically distilled at constant volume to remove
water. The resulting solution was treated with triethylamine (46 g, 456 mmol)
and heated to reflux. Benzaldehyde (15.0 g, 141 mmol) was added dropwise
over 15 min. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h to form
(1α,5α,6α)-6-benzylidenylamino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane in situ. The
resulting orange solution was cooled to 40°-50°C, and ethyl 7-chloro-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid
(42.45 g, 111 mmol; see United Kingdom Patent Publication No. GB
2,191,776) and triethylamine (13.1 g, 130 mmol) were added. The resulting
slurry was heated at reflux for 16-18 h, cooled to 20°C and stirred for 5 h.
The slurry was filtered, and the compound was isolated as a white solid
(75.5% yield based on (1α,5α,6α)-3-N-benzyl-6-nitro-2,4-dioxo-3-
azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane; 96.6% based on ethyl 7-chloro-1-(2,4-
difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic
acid). The ethyl (1α,5α,6α)-7-(6-benzylidenylamino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-
3yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-
carboxylate was recrystallized from acetonitrile, melting point 148°-155°C
decomp.
Tetrahydrofuran (250 cm3), ethyl (1α,5α,6α)-7-(6-benzylidenylamino-3-
azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-
1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (25.05 g, 47 mmol) obtained above, and
water (250 cm3) were treated with 97% methanesulfonic acid (13.3 g, 138
mmol) and heated to reflux for 24 h. The resulting solution was cooled to
45°C, treated with activated carbon (2.5 g) for 1 h and filtered. The resulting
filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to approximately 25% of its original
volume to provide a white crystal slurry, cooled to 15°-25°C, granulated for 4
h and filtered to yield the trovafloxacin methanesulfonate salt (mesylate)
(16.86 g, 70.0%). Melting point 253°-256°C decomp.
Therapeutic Function
Antibacterial
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 147059-72-1 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,4,7,0,5 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 147059-72:
(8*1)+(7*4)+(6*7)+(5*0)+(4*5)+(3*9)+(2*7)+(1*2)=141
141 % 10 = 1
So 147059-72-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C20H15F3N4O3/c21-8-1-2-15(13(22)3-8)27-7-12(20(29)30)17(28)9-4-14(23)19(25-18(9)27)26-5-10-11(6-26)16(10)24/h1-4,7,10-11,16H,5-6,24H2,(H,29,30)/t10-,11+,16?
