153308-35-1Relevant articles and documents
Native and modified chitosan-based hydrogels as green heterogeneous organocatalysts for imine-mediated Knoevenagel condensation
Franconetti,Domínguez-Rodríguez,Lara-García,Prado-Gotor,Cabrera-Escribano
, p. 176 - 186 (2016)
A variety of methylenemalononitriles and ethyl cyanoacrylates derived from both aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation catalysed with native and modified chitosan-based heterogeneous catalysts. The efficiency of our hydrogel organocatalysts, chitosan hydrogel beads and ureidyl-chitosan derivative hydrogel disks, was evaluated as function of pH, temperature and catalyst concentration by considering reaction rates, conversions, E/Z stereoselectivities, and kinetic studies of a model reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate. An unprecedented study by solid state 13C CP MAS NMR of the employed catalyst when reaction was quenched after a 50% of conversion, has demonstrated that an imine-chitosan intermediate is formed during this process. Analysis of E/Z ethyl cyanoacrylate isomer mixtures for determining the corresponding stereoselectivity was carried out by NMR measuring carbon-proton coupling constants (3JC,H) using a novel CLIP-HSQMCB experiment. Additionally, DFT calculations let us rationalise the observed E/Z stereoselectivities as well as to evaluate the role of ureidyl moiety on interaction with aldehydes and imine intermediate formation with chitosan derivative.
ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
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Page/Page column, (2013/07/25)
The present invention relates to organic photovoltaic cell materials and components and particularly, to the organic photovoltaic cell materials and the components with high optical conversion efficiency, simple preparation process and low cost. The chemical formula of the materials is represented by chemical formula (I): where n is a natural number and X is the following chemical formula (II): where m is 1?3 and A is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C1?C18-alkyl, thienyl, phenyl or pyridyl in which thienyl, phenyl or pyridyl may be substituted with C1?C18-alkyl in any position.