1732-23-6Relevant articles and documents
Pyrene Molecular Orbital Shuffle—Controlling Excited State and Redox Properties by Changing the Nature of the Frontier Orbitals
Merz, Julia,Fink, Julian,Friedrich, Alexandra,Krummenacher, Ivo,Al Mamari, Hamad H.,Lorenzen, Sabine,Haehnel, Martin,Eichhorn, Antonius,Moos, Michael,Holzapfel, Marco,Braunschweig, Holger,Lambert, Christoph,Steffen, Andreas,Ji, Lei,Marder, Todd B.
, p. 13164 - 13180 (2017)
We show that by judicious choice of substituents at the 2- and 7-positions of pyrene, the frontier orbital order of pyrene can be modified, giving enhanced control over the nature and properties of the photoexcited states and the redox potentials. Specifically, we introduced a julolidine-like moiety and Bmes2 (mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2) as very strong donor (D) and acceptor (A), respectively, giving 2,7-D-π-D- and unsymmetric 2,7-D-π-A-pyrene derivatives, in which the donor destabilizes the HOMO?1 and the acceptor stabilizes the LUMO+1 of the pyrene core. Consequently, for 2,7-substituted pyrene derivatives, unusual properties are obtained. For example, very large bathochromic shifts were observed for all of our compounds, and unprecedented green light emission occurs for the D/D system. In addition, very high radiative rate constants in solution and in the solid state were recorded for the D-π-D- and D-π-A-substituted compounds. All compounds show reversible one-electron oxidations, and Jul2Pyr exhibits a second oxidation, with the largest potential splitting (ΔE=440 mV) thus far reported for 2,7-substituted pyrenes. Spectroelectrochemical measurements confirm an unexpectedly strong coupling between the 2,7-substituents in our pyrene derivatives.
Structural, Mechanistic, Spectroscopic, and Preparative Studies on the Lewis Base Catalyzed, Enantioselective Sulfenofunctionalization of Alkenes
Hartmann, Eduard,Denmark, Scott E.
, (2017/09/19)
The full details of mechanistic investigation on enantioselective sulfenofunctionalization of alkenes under Lewis base catalysis are described. Solution spectroscopic identification of the catalytically active sulfenylating agent has been accomplished along with the spectroscopic identification of putative thiiranium ion intermediates generated in the enantiodetermining step. The structural insights gleaned from these studies informed the design of new catalyst architectures to improve enantioselectivity. In addition, structural modification of the sulfenylating agents had a significant and salutary effect on the enantioselectivity of sulfenofunctionalization which was demonstrated to be general for trans disubstituted alkenes. Whereas electronic modulation had little effect on the rate and selectivity, steric bulk on arylsulfenylphthalimides was very beneficial.
Chemical process
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, (2008/06/13)
Aromatic amines (e.g., aniline) are selectively alkylated in an ortho nuclear position by reaction with an olefin (e.g., ethylene) in the presence of an aluminum anilide catalyst. Hydrogen halides (e.g., HCl) are added to increase the reaction rate.