198693-57-1Relevant articles and documents
A facile protocol for copper-free palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling in aqueous media
Jung, Da-Young,Park, Soo Youl,Kim, Seung-Hoi
supporting information, p. 110 - 116 (2021/11/09)
The combination of a readily available palladium catalyst and an eco-friendly basic aqueous solution of room-temperature ionic liquid, choline hydroxide (ChOH), was used in a facile protocol alternative to the Sonogashira coupling reaction, alkynylation of aryl halides in the absence of a copper cocatalyst and an external base. The dual nature of ChOH to act as a base and a green solvent played a crucial role in the catalytic cycle. The coupling reaction progressed efficiently to form a Csp-Csp2 bond under the identified conditions although the reaction outcome depended significantly on the substrates.
Thieno[3,4-b ]thiophene acceptors with alkyl, aryl, perfluoroalkyl, and perfluorophenyl pendants for donor-acceptor low bandgap polymers
Homyak, Patrick D.,Tinkham, Jonathan,Lahti, Paul M.,Coughlin, E. Bryan
, p. 8873 - 8881 (2014/01/06)
We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene acceptor blocks with octyl (T8), phenyl (TP), perfluorooctyl (TF8), and perfluorophenyl (TFP) side groups. Their subsequent copolymerization with dithienylbenzodithiophene by direct arylation polymerization afforded novel low bandgap poly(thienothiophene-alt- dithienylbenzodithiophene) (PTB) polymers. The strongly electron withdrawing TF8 and TFP groups were shown to significantly lower both EHOMO and ELUMO levels and gave computed copolymer ground-to-excited state dipole changes (Δμge) that were relatively higher than for the nonfluorinated analogues. These materials show favorably aligned energy levels relative to conventional fullerene-type acceptors, which should allow them to perform well in organic photovoltaics.