20290-84-0Relevant articles and documents
Production of Valuable Esters from Oleic Acid with a Porous Polymeric Acid Catalyst without Water Removal
Kim, Yo-Han,Han, Jusung,Jung, Byeong Yeon,Baek, Heeyoel,Yamada, Yoichi M. A.,Uozumi, Yasuhiro,Lee, Yoon-Sik
, p. 29 - 32 (2016)
We demonstrate the use of porous phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde (PSF) resins as solid-acid catalysts, which showed excellent performance in the esterification of fatty acids without using any solvent or introducing a water-removal process. The catalyst was reused up to 30 times without significant loss of activity.
Catalytic Biodiesel Production Mediated by Amino Acid-Based Protic Salts
Li, Jingbo,Guo, Zheng
, p. 1792 - 1802 (2017/04/27)
Hetero- and homogeneous acid catalysts are effective catalysts for the production of biodiesel from oils containing high free fatty acids. The protic salts synthesized from natural amino acids were examined for catalytic activity and efficiency for the esterification of oleic acid after structural identification and characterization. In the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol, [Asp][NO3] was the best catalyst, and its high activity correlated to its high Hammett acidity. The optimal reaction conditions for the esterification of oleic acid to achieve 97 % biodiesel yield were: 70 °C, 10 % catalyst loading (w/w, on oleic acid basis), methanol/oleic acid ratio 7.5:1, and 5 h. Generally, [Asp][NO3] could be a good catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid with alcohols with chain lengths of up to six. The biodiesel yield of 93.86 % obtained from palm fatty acid distillate implies that the catalyst has potential for industrial application. A study of the kinetics indicated that the reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy and pre-exponential of 57.36 kJ mol?1 and 44.24×105 min?1, respectively. The aspartic acid-derived protic salt is a promising, operationally simply, sustainable, renewable, and possibly biodegradable catalyst for the conversion of free fatty acids into biodiesel.
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinium triflate (TMPT): a highly selective and self-separated catalyst for esterification
Gao, Lan,Liu, Taoping,Tao, Xiaochun,Huang, Yongmin
supporting information, p. 4905 - 4909 (2016/10/24)
An eco-friendly and readily accessible 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium triflate was found as highly-selective and self-separated catalyst for esterification under solvent-free condition. The X-ray crystallography revealed that it formed a ‘hydrophobic wall’ which could effectively eliminate the generated water from the reactive sites. Moreover, it could precipitate from the reaction system with excellent recovery ratio (>99%) and be reused for ten times without any significant loss of activity.
