20748-08-7Relevant articles and documents
Imaging mass spectrometry and genome mining reveal highly antifungal virulence factor of mushroom soft rot pathogen
Graupner, Katharina,Scherlach, Kirstin,Bretschneider, Tom,Lackner, Gerald,Roth, Martin,Gross, Harald,Hertweck, Christian
supporting information, p. 13173 - 13177 (2013/03/14)
Soft rot diseases caused by a variety of bacteria account for severe losses in agriculture, devastating fruits, vegetables, and cultivated mushrooms. After bacterial infection, often owing to direct contact or transmission by insects, virulence factors and lytic enzymes cause degradation of plant and mushroom tissues, thereby turning crop into mush. In many cases, the chemical mediators of soft rot diseases have remained elusive, as in the long-known mushroom pathogen Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum. This motile Gram-negative bacterium has been found to be the causative agent of soft rot disease of the cultured button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Typical symptoms of the infection are lesions turning into sticky blotches on the cap surface and a complete dissolution of the mushroom within only a few days (Figure 1A, B). We reasoned that knowledge on the causative agent of the soft rot would have a double benefit. Foremost, it could aid in understanding the pathobiology of the mushroom pathogen, which may be a starting point for protective measures. Second, there is an increasing need for novel antifungals, since the incidents of severe and even lethal fungal infections and resistance towards antifungals are on the rise. We hypothesized that mushroom soft rot bacteria could excrete antifungal agents as virulence factors, which might also be active against human pathogens. Herein we report the discovery and full characterization of a highly antifungal virulence factor from the soft rot pathogen Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum guided by imaging mass spectrometry and genome mining.