20859-73-8 Usage
Description
Aluminum phosphide is a binary salt, a dark gray or dry, yellow crystalline solid that reacts with moisture to produce phosphine, a flammable and poisonous gas. It is a dangerous fire risk and has a specific gravity of 2.85, which is heavier than water. The compound is composed of gray or dark yellow crystals and is known for its specific hazard of giving off poisonous and pyrophoric phosphine gas when in contact with moist air, water, or steam. It also ignites spontaneously upon contact with air.
Uses
1. Agricultural Uses:
Aluminum phosphide is used as a fumigant, fungicide, rodenticide, and insecticide for various crops. It is employed as an insecticidal fumigant for grain, peanuts, processed food, animal feed, leaf tobacco, cottonseed, and as a space fumigant for flour mills, warehouses, and railcars. It is also used in baits for rodent and mole control in crops.
2. Source of Phosphine:
Aluminum phosphide is used as a source of phosphine in semiconductor research.
3. Fumigant:
It is used as a fumigant to control insects and rodents in both food and nonfood crops in indoor environments. It is also used in the control of rodents outdoors via application to their burrows or in grain storage areas.
4. Semiconductor Technology:
Aluminum phosphide is utilized in semiconductor technology due to its chemical properties and reactions.
5. Pesticide (RUP):
It is a U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) and is often mixed with bait food such as cornmeal, which can be a danger to pets and children. When phosphides are ingested or exposed to moisture, they release phosphine gas.
6. Brand Names and Marketing:
Aluminum phosphide is marketed under various brand names such as Celphos, Alphos, Quickphos, Phosfume, Phostoxin, Talunex, Degesch, Synfume, Chemfume, Phostek, and Delicia. It is available in solid form as a tablet, pellet, or dust and is packaged in porous bags or blister packs.
7. NFPA 704 Designation:
The NFPA 704 designation for aluminum phosphide is health 4, flammability 4, and reactivity 2. The white section at the bottom of the diamond has a W with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity.
Air & Water Reactions
Decomposed by water or moist air, evolving phosphine, a toxic gas that often ignites [Merck 11th ed. 1989].
Reactivity Profile
Aluminum phosphide is a reducing agent. Contact with mineral acids causes explosive evolution of toxic phosphine [Wang, C. C. et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1963, 25, p. 327]. Heating produces highly toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides. Can react vigorously upon contact with oxidizing agents. [Sax, 9th ed., p. 119].
Hazard
Dangerous fire risk. It evolves phosphine.
Health Hazard
Acute toxicity occurs primarily by the inhalation route when Aluminum phosphide decomposes into the toxic gas, phosphine. The human median lethal dose for Aluminum phosphide has been reported to be 20 mg/kg. Rated as super toxic: probable oral lethal dose is less than 5 mg/kg or less than 7 drops for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person.
Fire Hazard
Releases toxic fumes on exposure to moist air, water, or acids. Decomposes to produce phosphine gas. Avoid water, dilute mineral acids, dilute or concentrated hydrochloric acid. Stable when dry. Avoid moist air.
Trade name
AL-PHOS?; CELPHIDE?; CELPHOS?;
DELICIA?; DETIA?; DETIA-EX-B?; DETIA GAS
EX?; DETIA-GAS-EX-B?; DELICIA GASTOXIN;
FARMOZ?; FUMITOXIN?; PHOSTOXIN?;
PHOSTOXIN-A?; QUICKPHOS?; QUICK TOX?;
RENTOKIL GASTION?
Safety Profile
A human poison by inhalation and ingestion. Dangerous; in contact with water, steam, or alkali it slowly yields PH3, which is spontaneously flammable in air. Explosive reaction on contact with mineral acids produces phosphine. When heated to decomposition it yields toxic PO,. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, PHOSPHIDES, and PHOSPHINE.
AHGOOO
Potential Exposure
Used as a rodenticide; wood preservative; as a source of phosphine; as an insecticidal fumigant for grain, peanuts, processed food, animal feed, leaf tobacco, cottonseed; and as space fumigant for flour mills, warehouses and railcars. Used in semiconductor research
Environmental Fate
Phosphine is known to bind to and inhibit cytochrome oxidase
and changes the valence of the hem component of hemoglobin.
Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms of
action of AlP toxicity, which boosts extramitochondrial release
of free oxygen radicals resulting in lipid peroxidation and
protein denaturation of the cell membrane in various organs.
Furthermore, AlP reduces glutathione, which is one of the main
antioxidant defenses. AlP causes toxic stress, accompanied by
changes in glucose metabolism. It also disrupts protein
synthesis and enzymatic activity, particularly in the lung and
heart cell mitochondria, which leads to blockage of the mitochondrial
electron transport chain. Phosphine may cause
denaturing of various enzymes; it is involved in cellular respiration
and metabolism, and may be responsible for denaturation
of the oxyhemoglobin molecule.
Shipping
UN1397 Aluminum phosphide, Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when wet material, 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Toxicity evaluation
Once exposed to water or in the presence of high ambient
humidity, AlP generates phosphine gas. Therefore, atmospheric
dissipation is expected to be the primary fate process for
phosphine. In addition to phosphine being generated from the
reaction of AlP with water, the other reaction product is
aluminum hydroxide, a common constituent of clay. If the
liberated phosphine (PH3) burns, it will produce phosphorus
pentoxide (P2O5), which forms orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4)
when exposed to water.
Incompatibilities
Able to ignite spontaneously in moist air; forms toxic and explosive phosphine gas on contact with moisture in air. Reacts violently with water, steam, carbon dioxide; acids, alcohols, and foam fire extinguishers. Contact with water and bases slowly releases highly flammable and toxic phosphine gas.
Waste Disposal
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Allow to react slowly with moisture in the open, being sure that phosphine gas evolved is dissipated. Alternatively, mix with dry diluent and incinerate at temperature above 1000 C with effluent gas scrubbing. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or bycontacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 20859-73-8 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,0,8,5 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 20859-73:
(7*2)+(6*0)+(5*8)+(4*5)+(3*9)+(2*7)+(1*3)=118
118 % 10 = 8
So 20859-73-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Al.P/q+3;-3
20859-73-8Relevant articles and documents
In Search of Aluminum Hexathiohypodiphosphate: Synthesis and Structures of ht-AlPS4, lt-AlPS4, and Al4(P2S6)3
Kuhn, Alexander,Eger, Roland,Ganter, Pirmin,Duppel, Viola,Nuss, Jürgen,Lotsch, Bettina V.
, p. 2663 - 2668 (2016/02/23)
We report the high-pressure synthesis and the structure of aluminum hexathiohypodiphosphate, Al4(P2S6)3, along with the redetermination of the structures of two modifications of AlPS4. Al4(P2S6)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2 with a = 17.584(3), b = 10.156(2), c = 6.698(1) ?, β = 106.93(1) in a superstructure of the layered FePS3 structure type with tripled a axis. Hereby, Al3+ occupies 2/3 of the Fe2+ sites in an ordered fashion. The structure model obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction was corroborated by TEM-PED. The low-temperature modification of AlPS4 with platelet-like morphology shows tetragonal symmetry [space group P bar42c, a = b = 5.6572(9), c = 9.220(2) ?]. The orthorhombic high-temperature modification with fibrous needle-like morphology of AlPS4 is isotpyic with BPS4 [space group I222, a = 5.660(2), b = 5.759(2), c = 9.189(2) ?].
Electrical Discharge-Assisted Production of a bcc Aluminum Phosphide Phase
Rybachenko,Kazbanov,Trofimov,Olado
, p. 481 - 484 (2008/10/08)
A bcc aluminum phosphide phase was produced with the assistance of a low-power spark discharge. This phase is isostructural to high-pressure Si(II) (which exists under pressures above 20 GPa). X-ray powder diffraction, gravimetric, and chemical analysis evidence concerning samples dissolved in HCl and NaOH and thermally oxidized is reported. The silicon, iron, and nickel concentrations found by emission spectroscopy are also reported.
Reactions of H3Al-NMe3 with E(SiMe3)3 (E = P, As). Structural Characterization of the Trimer [H2AIP(SiMe3)2]3 and Base-Stabilized Adduct [H2AIAs(SiMe3)2]-NMe3 and Their Thermal Decomposition toward Nanocrystalline AIP and AIAs, Respectively
Janik, Jerzy F.,Wells, Richard L.,White, Peter S.
, p. 3561 - 3566 (2008/10/08)
Dehydrosilylation reactions in diethyl ether between H3Al-NMe3 and E(SiMe3)3 afforded for E = P a high yield of the trimer [H2AlP(SiMe3)2]3 (1), while for E = As a monomeric base-stabilized adduct [H2AlAs(SiMe3)2]NMe3 (2) as well as its degradation solid product were obtained. No reaction occurred for E = N. The singlecrystal X-ray structure determination for 1 yielded a planar six-membered ring of alternating four-coordinated Al and P centers. The structural solution for 2 revealed the monomeric unit [H2AlAs(SiMe3)2] stabilized by coordination of NMe3 at the Al site. Pyrolysis of 1 at 450 °C promoted further dehydrosilylation and yielded a product which by XRD spectroscopy showed the onset of AlP crystallinity while at 950 °C afforded nanocrystalline AlP with 5 nm average panicle size. Pyrolysis of 2 at 450 °C resulted in the formation of nanocrystalline AlAs with 2 nm average particle size. Under applied pyrolysis conditions for 1 and 2, the target elimination-condensation pathway via dehydrosilylation was accompanied by other decomposition side reactions and retention of some contaminant residues.
