21736-83-4 Usage
Description
SPECTINOMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE is a hydrochloride derived from the antibiotic spectinomycin, formed by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. It is a white powder with potent antibiotic properties, particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria. SPECTINOMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE is utilized in various applications due to its antimicrobial and therapeutic characteristics.
Uses
Used in Veterinary Medicine:
SPECTINOMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE is used as an antibiotic for the treatment and control of infectious bacterial enteritis in animals. Its application in this industry aids in managing and preventing the spread of bacterial infections in veterinary patients.
Used in Human Medicine Gonorrhea Treatment:
SPECTINOMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE is used as an antibiotic for treating gonorrhea, particularly in its pentahydrate form. It targets and eliminates the causative bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, thus providing relief and curing the infection.
Used in Drug Testing:
SPECTINOMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE is employed in drug testing against nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its application in this field helps in the development and evaluation of new drugs targeting tuberculosis, a significant global health concern.
Used in Pharmaceutical Research:
As an antibiotic with a specific action against gram-negative bacteria, SPECTINOMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE is used as a research tool in the development of new antibiotics and understanding the mechanisms of bacterial resistance.
Used in Ribosomal Protein Studies:
SPECTINOMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE is utilized in the study of ribosomal proteins, as it interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This application aids in understanding the structure and function of ribosomes and their role in protein synthesis.
Clinical Use
The aminocyclitol antibiotic spectinomycin hydrochloride(Trobicin), isolated from Streptomyces spectabilis andonce called actinospectocin, was first described by Lewisand Clapp. Its structure and absolute stereochemistryhave been confirmed by x-ray crystallography. It occursas the white, crystalline dihydrochloride pentahydrate,which is stable in the dry form and very soluble in water.Solutions of spectinomycin, a hemiacetal, slowly hydrolyzeon standing and should be prepared freshly andused within 24 hours. It is administered by deep intramuscularinjection.Spectinomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withmoderate activity against many Gram-positive and Gramnegativebacteria. It differs from streptomycin and thestreptamine-containing aminoglycosides in chemical and antibacterialproperties. Like streptomycin, spectinomycininterferes with the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) to the ribosomesand thus with the initiation of protein synthesis.Unlike streptomycin or the streptamine-containing antibiotics,however, it does not cause misreading of the messenger.Spectinomycin exerts a bacteriostatic action and isinferior to other aminoglycosides for most systemic infections.Currently, it is recommended as an alternative to penicillinG salts for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea.A cure rate of more than 90% has been observed in clinicalstudies for this indication. Many physicians prefer to use atetracycline or erythromycin for prevention or treatment ofsuspected gonorrhea in penicillin-sensitive patients because,unlike these agents, spectinomycin is ineffective againstsyphilis. Furthermore, it is considerably more expensive thanerythromycin and most of the tetracyclines.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and HCl.
Purification Methods
The salt is purified by recrystallisation from aqueous Me2CO and is soluble in H2O, MeOH and dilute acid and base, but only slightly soluble in Me2CO, EtOH, CHCl3 and *C6H6. The free base is an amorphous solid, m 184-194o with []D -20o (H2O). [Wiley et al. J Am Chem Soc 93 2652 1963, X-ray: Cochran et al. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 494 1972.] It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which interacts with 16S ribosomal RNA [Moazet & Noller Nature 327 389 1987] and is used for the treatment of gonorrhea [Rinehart J Infect Dis 119 345 1969].
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 21736-83-4 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,1,7,3 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 21736-83:
(7*2)+(6*1)+(5*7)+(4*3)+(3*6)+(2*8)+(1*3)=104
104 % 10 = 4
So 21736-83-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C14H24N2O7/c1-5-4-6(17)14(20)13(21-5)22-12-10(19)7(15-2)9(18)8(16-3)11(12)23-14/h5,7-13,15-16,18-20H,4H2,1-3H3
