2254-94-6

Basic information

• Product Name: N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE
• Synonyms: 2-Benzothiazolinethione, 3-methyl-;3-Methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2(3H)-thione;3-Methyl-1,3-benzothiazoline-2-thione;3-methyl-2(3h)-benzothiazolethion;3-methyl-2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione;3-Methyl-3H-benzothiazole-2-thione;3-Methylbenzo[d]thiazoline-2-thione;3-methylbenzothiazole-2(3H)-thione
• CAS NO: 2254-94-6
• Molecular Formula: C₈H₇NS₂
• Molecular Weight: 181.28
• EINECS: 218-852-9
• Product Categories: Heterocyclic Compounds;Building Blocks;Heterocyclic Building Blocks;Thiazoles;Building Blocks;C8 to C9;Chemical Synthesis;Heterocyclic Building Blocks
• Mol File: 2254-94-6.mol
• Article Data: 12

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 88-91 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 335°C (rough estimate)
• Flash Point: 135.6°C
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.2625 (rough estimate)
• Vapor Pressure: 0.00111mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.5700 (estimate)
• PKA: -2.45±0.20(Predicted)
• CAS DataBase Reference: N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE(2254-94-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE(2254-94-6)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 26-37/39
• RIDADR: 2811
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: DL7000400
• Hazardous Substances Data: 2254-94-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H7NS2. It is a slightly yellow to pink needle-like crystal powder. N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE is known for its ability to convert epoxides into episulfides, which is a significant chemical transformation in various chemical processes.

Uses

Used in Chemical Synthesis:
N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE is used as a reagent for the conversion of epoxides to episulfides. This application is crucial in the synthesis of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as the conversion process allows for the creation of new compounds with different properties and potential uses.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
In the pharmaceutical industry, N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE is used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs. Its ability to convert epoxides to episulfides makes it a valuable component in the development of new medications with improved efficacy and reduced side effects.
Used in Polymer Industry:
N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE is also utilized in the polymer industry as a curing agent for epoxy resins. The conversion of epoxides to episulfides by this compound enhances the cross-linking process, leading to improved mechanical properties and durability of the final polymer product.
Used in Research and Development:
In research and development, N-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE serves as an important tool for studying the chemical properties and reactivity of epoxides and episulfides. Its use in this context helps scientists and researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of various chemical reactions and to develop new strategies for synthesizing complex molecules.

InChI:InChI=1/C8H7NS2/c1-9-6-4-2-3-5-7(6)11-8(9)10/h2-5H,1H3

Synthetic route

carbon disulfide (75-15-0) + N-methyl-2-iodoaniline (57056-93-6) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With tetramethylammonium bromide; caesium carbonate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; for 8h; Inert atmosphere;	94%

N-methyl-2-iodoaniline (57056-93-6) + [(p-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]isonitrile (38622-91-2, 36635-61-7) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium sulfide; N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine; copper(l) chloride In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 120℃; Solvent; Sealed tube; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	93%

N-methyl-2-iodoaniline (57056-93-6) + dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium sulfide at 140℃; for 12h; Sealed tube; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	92%

methyl-phenyl-dithiocarbamic acid (37600-51-4) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With bromine In dichloromethane for 2.5h; Solvent; Cooling with ice;	89%

N,N-dimethyl-aniline (121-69-7) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur; tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate In 1,3-dioxane at 110℃; for 0.133333h; Temperature;	82%
With sulfur Destillieren des Reaktionsprodukts;

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (149-30-4) + carbonic acid dimethyl ester (616-38-6) → 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride at 90℃; for 4h; regioselective reaction;	A 77% B 6%
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium carbonate at 90℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 3h;	A 76% B 11%

dimethyl chlorothiophosphate (2524-03-0) + 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (149-30-4) → 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In acetone for 12h; Heating;	A 75% B 25%
With potassium carbonate In acetone for 12h; Product distribution; Mechanism; other mercapto substituted heterocycles;	A 75% B 25%

phosphorous acid tetramethyldiamide methylester (17166-16-4) + N-(cyclohexyl)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (95-33-0) → 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + C11H16N3OPS2 (130888-07-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 100℃; under 10 Torr; for 4h;	A 20.4% B n/a C 70.2%

benzothiazole sulfenamide (2801-21-0) + phosphorous acid tetramethyldiamide methylester (17166-16-4) → 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + C11H16N3OPS2 (130888-07-2) + C13H22N4O2P2S2 (130888-05-0)

Conditions	Yield
at 110℃; under 60 Torr; for 2h;	A n/a B n/a C 70% D 19.1%
at 60℃; under 110 Torr; for 2h; Mechanism; other (2-benzothiazolyl)-sulfenamides), other bis(dialkylamino)phoshites;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D 19.1%

carbon disulfide (75-15-0) + 2-bromo-N-methylaniline (6832-87-7) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In toluene at 140℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;	70%

3-methylbenzothiazolium iodide (2786-31-4) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur; tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate In 1,3-dioxane at 110℃; for 0.133333h; Temperature;	67%
With sulfur In pyridine Heating;
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: Et3N / dimethylformamide 2: Ambient temperature 3: sulfur / pyridine / Heating View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Et3N / dimethylformamide 2: sulfur / pyridine View Scheme

phosphorous acid tetramethyldiamide methylester (17166-16-4) + N-(phenylmethyl)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (26773-69-3) → 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + C11H16N3OPS2 (130888-07-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 110℃; under 20 Torr; for 3h;	A 28.3% B n/a C 62.1%

N-isopropyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (10220-34-5) + phosphorous acid tetramethyldiamide methylester (17166-16-4) → 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + C11H16N3OPS2 (130888-07-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 100℃; under 10 Torr; for 4h;	A 21.5% B n/a C 59.4%

3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole (38925-98-3) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur at 200℃;

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-thioxo-3H-1,3-benzothiazole (149-30-4) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With iodine at 225℃;

1-bromocyclohexane (108-85-0) + 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) → 2-thioxo-3H-1,3-benzothiazole (149-30-4) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + 2-(cyclohexylthio)benzo[d]thiazole (60372-32-9) + 3-cyclohexylbenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione (202002-02-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 200℃; Product distribution;

2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 155 - 160℃;

2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) → 1,3-Benzothiazole (95-16-9) + 2-Methylbenzothiazole (120-75-2) + 2-thioxo-3H-1,3-benzothiazole (149-30-4) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 300℃; Thermolysis;

2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With iodine at 215℃;
With methyl iodide at 155 - 160℃;
With iodine In neat (no solvent) at 210 - 220℃; for 2h;
With iodine at 200 - 250℃;

bis<2-(N-formyl-N-methylamino)phenyl> disulfide (51369-77-8) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With diphosphorus pentasulfide at 100℃;

2-methylthio-3-methylbenzothiazolium iodide (20064-98-6) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + methyl iodide (74-88-4)

Conditions	Yield
at 100℃; under 10 Torr; quntitative Zersetzung;

N,N-dimethyl-aniline (121-69-7) → 1,3-Benzothiazole (95-16-9) + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur

thiophosgene (463-71-8) + 2-(methylamino)benzenethiol (21749-63-3) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With chloroform at 0℃;

3-methyl-(3H)benzothiazolone (2786-62-1) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With tetraphosphorus decasulfide In pyridine for 72h; Heating;

3-chloromethyl-3H-benzothiazole-2-thione (41526-42-5) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; zinc In benzene

2-methoxy-3,3'-dimethyl-2,3,2',3'-tetrahydro-[2,2']bi[benzothiazolyl] (3016-23-7) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur In pyridine Heating;

bis(N-methylbenzothiazolinylidene) (2786-70-1) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur In pyridine
With sulfur at 150℃;
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Ambient temperature 2: sulfur / pyridine / Heating View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: aq. HI 2: sulfur / pyridine / Heating View Scheme

2,2'-Dithiobis(3-methylbenzothiazolium)-bis(trifluormethansulfonat) (88734-19-4) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + sodium triflate (2926-30-9)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In acetonitrile Product distribution; Mechanism;	A 174 mg B 181 mg

2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole (615-22-5) + iodine (7553-56-2) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 210 - 215℃;

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 2-methylthio-3-methylbenzothiazolium iodide (20064-98-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 45℃; for 4h;	94%
at 50℃; for 4h;	84%
at 45℃; for 5h;	77%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → 2-(methylamino)benzenethiol (21749-63-3)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In ethanol for 14h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;	93%
With potassium hydroxide
With potassium hydroxide for 2h; Heating;

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → 3-Methyl-3H-benzothiazole-2-thione; compound with iodine (88694-99-9)

Conditions	Yield
With iodine In water at 23℃; for 48h;	93%
With iodine In dichloromethane at 17 - 35℃; Equilibrium constant; determination of isosbestic point;

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + sodium chloro((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)amide (29917-04-2) → N-(p-nitrohenylsulfonyl)-S-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-2-yliden)sulfimid

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; chloroform at 0 - 5℃; for 1h;	93%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + antimony triiodide (7790-44-5) → ([Sb(iodide)3(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)])n (1233486-73-1)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane Schlenk techniques; dissolving Sb compd. in CH2Cl2, addn. of N compd., stirring for 72 h; isolation of solid, elem. anal.;	92.4%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + trifluoromethylsulfonic anhydride (358-23-6) → 2,2'-Dithiobis(3-methylbenzothiazolium)-bis(trifluormethansulfonat) (88734-19-4)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 0℃;	89%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → Tetrabromobis(3-methylbenzthiazol-2-thion-S)tellur(IV)

Conditions	Yield
With tellurium(IV) tetrabromide In 1,4-dioxane Ambient temperature;	88.5%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → Tetrachlorobis(3-methylbenzthiazol-2-thion-S)tellur(IV)

Conditions	Yield
With tellurium tetrachloride In 1,4-dioxane Ambient temperature;	87.7%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + bismuth(III) bromide → {[(BiBr2(μ2-Cl(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)2)2)]}

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20℃; for 3h;	87.4%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (1128-67-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; hydrazine hydrate In methanol; water for 4h; Reflux;	87%
With ethanol; hydrazine hydrate
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: benzene 2: H2O; N2H4+H2O View Scheme

bismuth(III) chloride + 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → {[(BiCl2(μ2-Cl(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)2)2)]}

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 3h;	85.3%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + bis(1-naphthyl) ditelluride (32294-58-9) → C10H7BrTe*C8H7NS2

Conditions	Yield
With bromine In methanol	85%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + chloroamine-T (127-65-1) → N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-S-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-2-yliden)sulfimid (78864-27-4)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 0℃; for 0.5h;	84%
In ethanol; chloroform at -25℃; for 5h;	24%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium (46045-65-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 50℃; for 4h;	84%
In dichloromethane at 50℃; for 4h;	48.1%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + bismuth(III) iodide → {[BiI2(μ2-I)2(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)]n}

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20℃; for 3h;	83.2%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + dichloromethane (75-09-2) + antimony(III) chloride (10025-91-9) → [Sb(chloride)3(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)2]2*(dichloromethane) (1233486-65-1)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane Schlenk techniques; dissolving Sb compd. in CH2Cl2, addn. of N compd., stirring for 72 h; isolation of solid, elem. anal.;	81.3%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → C8H7BrINS2

Conditions	Yield
With iodine(I) bromide In dichloromethane at 0 - 4℃; for 1h;	81%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → 3-Methyl-3H-benzothiazole-2-thione; compound with GENERIC INORGANIC NEUTRAL COMPONENT

Conditions	Yield
With antimony(III) bromide In isopropyl alcohol Ambient temperature;	79.9%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + N-chloro-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide sodium salt (30066-82-1) → N-(p-chlorphenylsulfonyl)-S-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-2-yliden)sulfimid

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; chloroform at 10 - 15℃; for 2h;	78%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) + [ruthenium(II)(η6-1-methyl-4-isopropyl-benzene)(chloride)(μ-chloride)]2 (52462-29-0) → [Ru(η6cymene)Cl2(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thione)] (1416367-88-8)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20℃; for 30h;	76%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione diiodide

Conditions	Yield
With iodine In diethyl ether Iodination;	75%

3-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (2254-94-6) → C8H7ClINS2

Conditions	Yield
With Iodine monochloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 4℃; for 1h;	72%

Upstream product

• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 149-30-4 2-thioxo-3H-1,3-benzothiazole 
• 463-71-8 thiophosgene 
• 21749-63-3 2-(methylamino)benzenethiol 
• 2786-62-1 3-methyl-(3H)benzothiazolone 
• 2786-31-4 3-methylbenzothiazolium iodide 
• 2801-21-0 benzothiazole sulfenamide 
• 17166-16-4 phosphorous acid tetramethyldiamide methylester 
• 26773-69-3 N-(phenylmethyl)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide 
• 27825-90-7 3-methyl-2-methylthiobenzothiazolium methylsulfate 
• 615-22-5 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 
• 108-85-0 1-bromocyclohexane 
• 38925-98-3 3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole 

Downstream Products

• 2757-92-8 2-(ethylthio)benzothiazole 
• 54287-72-8 3-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzothiazole 
• 70486-63-4 2,2'-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3,3'-dimethyl-2,3,2',3'-tetrahydro-[2,2']bi[benzothiazolyl] 
• 70486-59-8 2,2-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzothiazole 
• 70486-60-1 2,2-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzothiazole 
• 615-22-5 2-methylmercaptobenzothiazole 
• 41631-58-7 3-methyl-2,2-di-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-benzothiazole 
• 78864-27-4 N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-S-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-2-yliden)sulfimid 
• 7267-67-6 N-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-2-yliden)-p-toluolsulfonamid 
• 2783-70-2 2-phenacylbenzothiazole N-methyl enaminone 
• 1583273-27-1 [CuI(4,5-bis(diphenylphosphano)-9,9-dimethylxanthene)(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)]*acetonitrile 
• 1583273-25-9 [CuBr(4,5-bis(diphenylphosphano)-9,9-dimethylxanthene )(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)] 
• 46045-65-2 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium 
• 1426580-34-8 [CuI(N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione)(triphenylphosphine)₂] 

Relevant articles and documents

Preparation of Thiazole-2-thiones through TBPB-Promoted Oxidative Cascade Cyclization of Enaminones with Elemental Sulfur

An unprecedented method for the construction of thiazole-2-thiones via an oxidative cascade cyclization strategy is described. The novel protocol involves the simultaneous formation of two C - S bonds and a C═S bond on the structure of enaminones in a single operation through a cascade of C(sp2) - H/C(sp3) - H bond sulfurations and C(sp3)-H bond thiocarbonylation. This transformation allows for the efficient synthesis of thiazole-2-thiones with broad tolerance in moderate to excellent yields from simple enaminones with elemental sulfur.

A Mild Heteroatom (O -, N -, and S -) Methylation Protocol Using Trimethyl Phosphate (TMP)-Ca(OH) 2Combination

A mild heteroatom methylation protocol using trimethyl phosphate (TMP)-Ca(OH)2combination has been developed, which proceeds in DMF, or water, or under neat conditions, at 80 °C or at room temperature. A series of O-, N-, and S-nucleophiles, including phenols, sulfonamides, N-heterocycles, such as 9H-carbazole, indole derivatives, and 1,8-naphthalimide, and aryl/alkyl thiols, are suitable substrates for this protocol. The high efficiency, operational simplicity, scalability, cost-efficiency, and environmentally friendly nature of this protocol make it an attractive alternative to the conventional base-promoted heteroatom methylation procedures.

3 - Methyl -2 - benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride salt and its hydrate synthesis method

The present invention provides 3 - methyl - 2 - benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride salt and its hydrate synthesis method, which belongs to the field of organic synthesis. N - methylaniline with carbon disulfide reaction to obtain N - methyl - N - phenyl dithio-, then reaction with bromine 3 - methylbenzothiazol - 2 - thione, then reacting with hydrazine hydrate to produce 3 - methyl - 2 - benzothiazolinone hydrazone, subsequently react with hydrochloric acid to obtain 3 - methyl - 2 - benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride, recrystallization to obtain water in 3 - methyl - 2 - benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate. In the present invention the used raw materials are cheap and easily obtained, the operation process is simple, and has potential industrial amplifying application prospect.