22977-34-0Relevant articles and documents
Hydrotropic solubilization of paclitaxel: Analysis of chemical structures for hydrotropic property
Lee, Jaehwi,Lee, Sang Cheon,Acharya, Ghanashyam,Chang, Ching-Jer,Park, Kinam
, p. 1022 - 1030 (2003)
Purpose. To identify hydrotropic agents that can increase aqueous paclitaxel (PTX) solubility and to study the chemical structures necessary for hydrotropic properties so that polymeric hydrotropic agents can be synthesized. Methods. More than 60 candidate hydrotropic agents (or hydrotropes) were tested for their ability to increase the aqueous PTX solubility. A number of nicotinamide analogues were synthesized based on the observation that nicotinamide showed a favorable hydrotropic property. The identified hydrotropes for PTX were used to examine the structure-activity relationship. Results. N,N-Diethylnicotinamide (NNDENA) was found to be the most effective hydrotropic agent for PTX. The aqueous PTX solubility was 39 mg/ml and 512 mg/ml at NNDENA concentrations of 3.5 M and 5.95 M, respectively. These values are 5-6 orders of magnitude greater than the intrinsic solubility of 0.30 ± 0.02 μg/ml. N-Picolylnicotinamide, N-allylnicotinamide, and sodium salicylate were also excellent hydrotropes for PTX. Solubility data showed that an effective hydrotropic agent should be highly water soluble while maintaining a hydrophobic segment. Conclusions. The present study identified several hydrotropic agents effective for increasing aqueous solubility of PTX and analyzed the structural requirements for this hydrotropic property. This information can be used to find other hydrotropic compounds and to synthesize polymeric hydrotropes that are effective for PTX and other poorly water-soluble drugs.
Acetic acid as a catalyst for the N-acylation of amines using esters as the acyl source
Sanz Sharley, Daniel D.,Williams, Jonathan M. J.
supporting information, p. 2020 - 2023 (2017/02/15)
We report a cheap and simple method for the acetylation of a variety of amines using catalytic acetic acid and either ethyl acetate or butyl acetate as the acyl source. Catalyst loadings as low as 10 mol% afforded acetamide products in excellent yields at temperatures ranging from 80-120 °C. The methodology can also be successfully applied for the synthesis of a broad range of other amides, including the formation of formamides at 20 °C.
Benzoic acid-catalyzed transamidation reactions of carboxamides, phthalimide, ureas and thioamide with amines
Wu, Ji-Wei,Wu, Ya-Dong,Dai, Jian-Jun,Xu, Hua-Jian
supporting information, p. 2429 - 2436 (2014/09/30)
An efficient and simple method for the transamidation of carboxamides, phthalimide, ureas and thioamide with amines catalyzed by commercially available benzoic acid under metal-free conditions is described. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the transamidation of an aromatic thioamide with amines.