24478-73-7

Basic information

• Product Name: 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo[b,d]furan
• Synonyms: 1,2,4-TRICHLORODIBENZOFURAN; Dibenzofuran, 1,2,4-trichloro; dibenzofuran, 1,2,4-trichloro-
• CAS NO: 24478-73-7
• Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₅Cl₃O
• Molecular Weight: 271.5265
• Mol File: 24478-73-7.mol
• Article Data: 5

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 384.9°C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 186.6°C
• Density: 1.54g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 8.77E-06mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.71
• CAS DataBase Reference: 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo[b,d]furan(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo[b,d]furan(24478-73-7)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo[b,d]furan(24478-73-7)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 24478-73-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Family

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)

Formation

Byproduct of industrial processes (e.g., waste incineration) and contaminant in some herbicides

Environmental Persistence

Extremely persistent in the environment

Bioaccumulation

Can bioaccumulate in organisms

Health Risks

Poses significant risk to human and environmental health

Health Effects

Linked to cancer, reproductive disorders, and damage to the immune and nervous systems

Regulatory Measures

Restrictions on production and use, and remediation of contaminated areas

Upstream product

• 33284-54-7 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl 
• 33483-06-6 1-hydroxydibenzofuran 
• 84761-87-5 2,4-Dichloro-dibenzofuran-1-ol 
• 73575-56-1 2,2',3,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl 
• 87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol 
• 95-57-8 2-monochlorophenol 
• 95-95-4 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 
• 120-83-2 2,4-dichlorophenol 
• 58-90-2 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 
• 108-95-2 phenol 

Downstream Products

• 71998-73-7 1,2,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 
• 64126-87-0 1,2,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 
• 83704-24-9 1,2,4,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 
• 83719-40-8 1,2,4,7-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 

Relevant articles and documents

Prediction of polychlorinated dibenzofuran congener distribution from gas-phase phenol condensation pathways

A model for predicting the distribution of dibenzofuran and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners from a distribution of phenols was developed. The model is based on a simplified chemical mechanism. Relative rate constants and reaction order with respect to phenol precursors were derived from experimental results using single phenols and equal molar mixtures of up to four phenols. For validation, experiments were performed at three temperatures using a distribution of phenol and 19 chlorinated phenols as measured in municipal waste incinerator exhaust gas. Comparison of experimental measurements and model predictions for PCDF isomer distributions and homologue pattern shows agreement within measurement uncertainty. The R-squared correlation coefficient exceeds 0.9 for all PCDF isomer distributions and the distribution of PCDF homologues. These results demonstrate that the distribution of dibenzofuran and the 135 PCDF congeners from gas-phase condensation of phenol and chlorinated phenols can be predicted from measurement of the distribution of phenol and the 19 chlorinated phenol congeners.

Natural formation of chlorinated phenols, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in soil of a Douglas fir forest

The natural formation of 4-MCP, 24/25- and 26-DCP, and 245-TrCP was detected in four selected areas of a rural Douglas fir forest where the humic layer was spiked in situ with a solution of Na37Cl and covered by an enclosure, after 1 year of incubation. Chlorinated phenols (CP) can be formed naturally from organic matter and inorganic chloride by either de novo synthesis or chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed chlorination. The natural CP congeners were found to be present in high concentrations in soil compared to the other congeners, except for 245-TrCP which was present in a relatively low concentration. This study did not reveal which source, natural or anthropogenic, caused the observed concentrations. Some 20 chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDD/F) were found to be formed naturally in soil of the Douglas fir forest; the formation of three 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners, 2378-TeCDD, 12378-PeCDD, and 123789-HxCDD, deserves special attention. A formation mechanism has been proposed which starts from naturally formed CP congeners and which probably involves peroxidase mediation. Chlorination of CDD/F congeners by the CPO-mediated reaction cannot be ruled out, but seems to be less likely due to the absence of several predicted congeners. The natural formation of 4-MCP, 24/25- and 26-DCP, and 245-TrCP was detected in four selected areas of a rural Douglas fir forest where the humic layer was spiked in situ with a solution of Na37Cl and covered by an enclosure, after 1 year of incubation. Chlorinated phenols (CP) can be formed naturally from organic matter and inorganic chloride by either de novo synthesis or chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed chlorination. The natural CP congeners were found to be present in high concentrations in soil compared to the other congeners, except for 245-TrCP which was present in a relatively low concentration. This study did not reveal which source, natural or anthropogenic, caused the observed concentrations. Some 20 chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDD/F) were found to be formed naturally in soil of the Douglas fir forest; the formation of three 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners, 2378-TeCDD, 12378-PeCDD, and 123789-HxCDD, deserves special attention. A formation mechanism has been proposed which starts from naturally formed CP congeners and which probably involves peroxidase mediation. Chlorination of CDD/F congeners by the CPO-mediated reaction cannot be ruled out, but seems to be less likely due to the absence of several predicted congeners.

SELECTIVE PREPARATION. 39. PREPARATION OF SOME CHLORODIBENZOFURANS FROM 1-HYDROXY- AND 2-HYDROXYDIBENZOFURAN

Some chlorodibenzofurans such as 1-chloro, 2-chloro-, 1,2,4-trichloro- and 1,2,3-trichlorodibenzofurans were prepared from 1-hydroxy- and 2-hydroxydibenzofuran.