250215-21-5Relevant articles and documents
Theranostic Gallium Siderophore Ciprofloxacin Conjugate with Broad Spectrum Antibiotic Potency
Pandey, Apurva,Savino, Chloé,Ahn, Shin Hye,Yang, Zhaoyong,Van Lanen, Steven G.,Boros, Eszter
, p. 9947 - 9960 (2019/11/03)
Pathogenic bacteria scavenge ferric iron from the host for survival and proliferation using small-molecular chelators, siderophores. Here, we introduce and assess the gallium(III) complex of ciprofloxacin-functionalized desferrichrome (D2) as a potential therapeutic for bacterial infection using an in vitro assay and radiochemical, tracer-based approach. Ga-D2 exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.23 μM in Escherichia coli, in line with the parent fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Competitive and mutant strain assays show that Ga-D2 relies on FhuA-mediated transport for internalization. Ga-D2 is potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.8 μM), Staphylococcus aureus (0.94 μM), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5 μM), while Fe-D2 is inactive in these strains. Radiochemical experiments with E. coli reveal that 67Ga-D2 is taken up more efficiently than 67Ga-citrate. In naive mice, 67Ga-D2 clears renally and is excreted 13% intact in the urine. These pharmacokinetic and bacterial growth inhibitory properties qualify Ga-D2 for future investigations as a diagnosis and treatment tool for infection.
Practical synthesis of hydroxamate-derived siderophore components by an indirect oxidation method and syntheses of a DIG-siderophore conjugate and a biotin-siderophore conjugate
Lin, Yun-Ming,Miller, Marvin J.
, p. 7451 - 7458 (2007/10/03)
A practical large-scale synthesis of hydroxamate-derived siderophore components (30 and 40) that utilizes an efficient indirect oxidation method is described and applied to the syntheses of nonradioactive labeled siderophores. Oxidation of imines derived from L-ornithine (17) and its tripeptide (19) afforded oxaziridines that were isomerized to stable nitrones (16 and 18). Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of nitrones provided hydroxylamines that were converted to the desired hydroxamic acids (30 and 40) suitable for constructing siderophore-drug conjugates (2). The entire synthetic sequence required no chromatographic separation. DIG- and biotin-labeled ferrichrome analogues designed to detect and isolate ferrichrome receptors in various microbes were also synthesized.