25216-74-4Relevant articles and documents
A Unified Approach to Decarboxylative Halogenation of (Hetero)aryl Carboxylic Acids
Blakemore, David C.,Castellano, Felix N.,Chen, Tiffany Q.,Danilov, Evgeny O.,Dechert-Schmitt, Anne-Marie,Dow, Nathan W.,Fayad, Remi,Hauke, Cory E.,Knauber, Thomas,Macmillan, David W. C.,Pedersen, P. Scott,Rosko, Michael C.
supporting information, (2022/05/20)
Aryl halides are a fundamental motif in synthetic chemistry, playing a critical role in metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions and serving as important scaffolds in drug discovery. Although thermal decarboxylative functionalization of aryl carboxylic acids has been extensively explored, the scope of existing halodecarboxylation methods remains limited, and there currently exists no unified strategy that provides access to any type of aryl halide from an aryl carboxylic acid precursor. Herein, we report a general catalytic method for direct decarboxylative halogenation of (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids via ligand-to-metal charge transfer. This strategy accommodates an exceptionally broad scope of substrates. We leverage an aryl radical intermediate toward divergent functionalization pathways: (1) atom transfer to access bromo- or iodo(hetero)arenes or (2) radical capture by copper and subsequent reductive elimination to generate chloro- or fluoro(hetero)arenes. The proposed ligand-to-metal charge transfer mechanism is supported through an array of spectroscopic studies.
Complexes featuring N-heterocyclic carbenes with bowl-shaped wingtips
Almallah, Hamzé,Nos, Mélodie,Ayzac, Virgile,Brenner, Eric,Matt, Dominique,Gourlaouen, Christophe,Jahjah, Mohamad,Hijazi, Akram
, p. 299 - 309 (2019/03/02)
Three imidazolium salts having their two N-substituents equipped with remote calix[4]arenyl termini have been synthesised and converted into N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of the type [PdCl2(NHC)(pyridine)]. An X-ray diffraction study c
Investigation of the molecular characteristics of bisindole inhibitors as HIV-1 glycoprotein-41 fusion inhibitors
Zhou, Guangyan,Chu, Shidong,Nemati, Ariana,Huang, Chunsheng,Snyder, Beth A.,Ptak, Roger G.,Gochin, Miriam
supporting information, p. 533 - 542 (2018/11/06)
In previous work, we described 6-6‘-bisindole compounds targeting a hydrophobic pocket on the N-heptad repeat region of viral glycoprotein-41 as effective inhibitors of HIV-1 fusion. Two promising compounds with sub-micromolar IC50's contained a benzoic acid group and a benzoic acid ester attached at the two indole nitrogens. Here we have conducted a thorough structure-activity relationship (SAR) study evaluating the contribution of each of the ring systems and various substituents to compound potency. Hydrophobicity, polarity and charge were varied to produce 35 new compounds that were evaluated in binding, cell-cell fusion and viral infectivity assays. We found that (a) activity based solely on increasing hydrophobic content plateaued at ～ 200 nM; (b) the bisindole scaffold surpassed other heterocyclic ring systems in efficacy; (c) a polar interaction possibly involving Gln575 in the pocket could supplant less specific hydrophobic interactions; and (d) the benzoic acid ester moiety did not appear to form specific contacts with the pocket. The importance of this hydrophobic group to compound potency suggests a mechanism whereby it might interact with a tertiary component during fusion, such as membrane. A promising small molecule 10b with sub-μM activity was discovered with molecular weight 500 da and reduced logP compared to earlier compounds. The work provides insight into requirements for small molecule inhibition of HIV-1 fusion.
