2546-21-6Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles in water via a [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and 1,3-diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-ketoamides
Hossain, Md Imran,Khan, Md Imdadul H.,Kim, Seong Jong,Le, Hoang V.
, p. 446 - 458 (2022/05/18)
Herein we report a method for the synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles in water under mild basic conditions at room temperature via a [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and 1,3-diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-ketoamides. We optimized the reaction conditions to control the selectivity of the production of isoxazoles and circumvent other competing reactions, such as O-imidoylation or hetero [3 + 2]-cycloaddition. The reaction happens fast in water and completes within 1-2 hours, which provides an environmentally friendly access to 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles, an important class of structures found in numerous bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, we optimized the reaction conditions to produce trifluoromethyl-substituted isoxazoles, a prevalent scaffold in biomedical research and drug discovery programs. We also proposed a plausible mechanism for the selectivity of the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction to produce 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles. Not to be overlooked are our optimized reaction conditions for the dimerization of hydroximoyl chlorides to form furoxans also known as 1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxides, a class of structures with important biological activities due to their unique electronic nature and coordination ability.
Enolate-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of β-functionalized ketones with nitrile oxides: Direct access to 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles
Zhou, Xiao,Xu, Xianhong,Shi, Zhenyan,Liu, Kun,Gao, Hua,Li, Wenjun
supporting information, p. 5246 - 5250 (2016/07/06)
TMG-catalyzed [3 + 2] organocatalytic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of β-functionalized ketones with nitrile oxides have been developed. This strategy could generate 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles in high yields and regioselectivities.