26675-46-7 Usage
Description
Isoflurane is a volatile liquid anesthetic agent with a boiling point of 48.5°C, a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 1.15, and a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.43. It is a structural isomer of enflurane and is known for its high solubility in fat. Isoflurane is also a halogenated ether and is less of a respiratory irritant compared to desflurane. It undergoes minimal metabolism, with approximately 0.2% being metabolized and the rest exhaled unchanged. The metabolism of isoflurane produces low levels of potentially harmful compounds, resulting in very low risks of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. It is marketed under the brand name Forane by Baxter Healthcare.
Uses
Used in Anesthesia:
Isoflurane is used as an inhalational anesthetic agent for inducing and maintaining anesthesia during surgical procedures. Its rapid onset and recovery make it a popular choice among anesthesiologists.
Used in Research:
Isoflurane is utilized in the study of its interaction with biological systems, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of anesthesia and potential applications in medical research.
Used in Veterinary Medicine:
Isoflurane is also used as an anesthetic agent in veterinary medicine, offering a safe and effective means of anesthesia for various animal species.
Used as a Solvent and Dispersant:
In the industrial sector, isoflurane serves as a solvent and dispersant for fluorinated materials, contributing to the manufacturing and processing of these specialized compounds.
Used in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Studies:
Recent studies have explored the potential relationship between isoflurane administration and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), aiming to understand the long-term effects of anesthesia on cognitive function.
Originator
Forane,Ohio Medical,US,1980
Manufacturing Process
A 1-liter 3-necked stainless steel flask was fitted with a copper "Dry Ice" cold
finger condenser, a stainless steel stirring shaft and gland and a copper gas
inlet tube. To the flask there was then added 50 g (0.23 mol) of
CF3CHClOCHCl2 and 1.5 g of SbCl5 · HF gas was then slowly bubbled through
the stirred mixture which was maintained at 0°C. The reaction was run until
0.35 mol of HCl was collected, as indicated by the titration of the effluent gas
which was dissolved in water. Following the fluorination 26 g of material were
recovered and determined to be 90% pure by vapor phase chromatography.
Fractional distillation using a 30 x 0.5 cm column packed with glass helices
gave the pure product, BP 48°C to 48.5°C.
Therapeutic Function
Inhalation anesthetic
Biological Functions
Isoflurane (Forane) is a structural isomer of enflurane
and produces similar pharmacological properties: some
analgesia, some neuromuscular blockade, and depressed
respiration. In contrast, however, isoflurane is considered
a particularly safe anesthetic in patients with ischemic
heart disease, since cardiac output is maintained,
the coronary arteries are dilated, and the myocardium
does not appear to be sensitized to the effects of catecholamines.
Also, blood pressure falls as a result of vasodilation,
which preserves tissue blood flow. Isoflurane
causes transient and mild tachycardia by direct sympathetic
stimulation; this is particularly important in the
management of patients with myocardial ischemia.
Unlike enflurane, isoflurane does not produce a
seizurelike EEG pattern. Furthermore, the metabolic
transformation of isoflurane is only one-tenth that of
enflurane, so fluoride production is quite low. Among
the halogenated hydrocarbons, isoflurane is one of the
most popular, since it preserves cardiovascular stability
and causes a low incidence of untoward effects.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Isoflurane is a tandem pore potassium channel activator. It is also a very widely used anesthetic for animal research and for in vitro studies on anesthesia mechanisms.
Clinical Use
Isoflurane was introduced in the United States in 1981 and is a potent anesthetic agent
with many similarities to its isomer enflurane (potent, nonflammable, and intermediate blood
solubility). It does produce significantly fewer cardiovascular effects than enflurane, however, and
it can be used safely with epinephrine without as great a concern for arrhythmia production.
Isoflurane has a more pungent odor than halothane and, thus, can cause irritation to the throat and
respiratory tract, triggering coughing and laryngospasm. To overcome this problem, it often is
supplemented with intravenous agents. Less than 0.2% of an administered dose is metabolized,
mostly to fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid. Some minimal potential
for hepatotoxicity is associated with a trifluoroacetyl halide metabolite.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Isoflurane is an inhalant anesthetic that has some distinct advantages
over either halothane or methoxyflurane due to its lessened
myocardial depressant and catecholamine sensitizing effects, and
the ability to use it safely in patients with either hepatic or renal
disease. Isoflurane’s higher cost than either methoxyflurane or halothane
is a disadvantage.
Horses may recover more rapidly than with halothane, but be
more susceptible to anesthetic associated-
myopathy.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 26675-46-7 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,6,6,7 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 26675-46:
(7*2)+(6*6)+(5*6)+(4*7)+(3*5)+(2*4)+(1*6)=137
137 % 10 = 7
So 26675-46-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C14HF29O4/c15-1(2(16,17)18)44-12(38,39)4(21,8(27,28)29)46-14(42,43)6(23,10(33,34)35)47-13(40,41)5(22,9(30,31)32)45-11(36,37)3(19,20)7(24,25)26/h1H
26675-46-7Relevant articles and documents
Preparation method of isoflurane
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Paragraph 0021; 0034; 0036-0037; 0039-0040; 0042-0043; 0045, (2020/12/15)
The invention belongs to the field of organic chemical synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of isoflurane. The method for preparing the isoflurane comprises the following steps:taking Freon 22 as a raw material to obtain difluoromet
Improvements in or relating to contrast agents
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, (2008/06/13)
Combined preparations comprising an injectable gas dispersion and a coadministrable diffusible component which is capable of inward diffusion into the dispersed gas so as to promote temporary growth of the gas in vivo, the preparations being for use as contrast agents in ultrasound cardiac studies of patients who have undergone physical exercise-induced stress in order to promote vasodilatation.
Process for the manufacture of halo esters of carboxylic or dicarboxylic acids
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, (2008/06/13)
A compound (Ia) or (Ib) is prepared by reacting, in a polar aprotic solvent, a compound (III) with a salt of a carboxylic or dicarboxylic acid (IIa) or (IIb). The reaction may be carried out under pressure, but also at normal atmospheric pressure or in the region of normal atmospheric pressure (especially between 0.10 bar and 2 bars). The product (Ia) or (Ib) formed is, in this latter case, recovered continuously as it is formed. STR1 R1, R2 =optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon radicals; R3 =C1 -C10 perhaloalkyl; 0n≤4; X=halogen. The applications of the fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylates obtained are especially: anti-dust or anti-soiling paints for various supports such as exterior coatings and metal furniture; optical fibers; contact lenses; lithography; electrophotography; heat-resistant materials; dental resins.
