27687-56-5Relevant articles and documents
N-heterocyclic-carbene-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of hydroxamic esters
Song, Xiaoxiao,Ni, Qijian,Grossmann, Andre,Enders, Dieter
supporting information, p. 2965 - 2969 (2014/01/06)
The honey pot: The NHC-catalyzed reaction between nitrosobenzenes, aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes, and enals proceeded through an aza-benzoin-type reaction and an internal redox esterification to afford hydroxamic esters in good yields. Copyright
N-Arylhydroxamic Acids: Reaction of Nitroso Aromatics with α-Oxo Acids
Sakamoto, Yasuko,Yoshioka, Tadao,Uematsu, Takayoshi
, p. 4449 - 4453 (2007/10/02)
A practical and high-yielding route to N-arylhydroxamic acids from nitroso aromatics and α-oxo acids 1a-d is desctibed.In aqueous and acetic acid containing media, the reactions exhibit second-order reaction kinetics overall.In the aqueous medium, the rate constant (kobsd) for N-phenylacetohydroxamic acid (8b) formation increased with increasing +>, though there were some side pathways involving azoxybenzene formation.In general, kobsd for the reaction in the acetic acid containing medium was about one-tenth of that in HCl at pH 0.6.On a preparative scale, acetic acid is better than HCl, in that both reactants showed sufficient solubilities in acetic acid for a high reaction velocity and no side reaction was detected.With this method, the proximate carcinogens, N-(4-biphenylyl)acetohydroxamic acid (12b) and N-(2-fluorenyl)acetohydroxamic acid (13b), could be easily prepared.Under both conditions, the order of kobsd for the reactions of nitrosobenzene (2) with α-oxo acids 1a-d was glyoxylic (1a) > pyruvic (1b) 2-oxobutyric (1c) > benzoylformic (1d) acid.For the reactions of substituted nitrosobenzenes 3-6 with pyruvic acid (1b), the order of kobsd was p-phenyl (6) > unsubstituted (2) > p-chloro (5) > m-chloro (4) >> o-chloro (3) nitrosobenzene.The negative Hammett reaction constant value obtained indicates that an electron-donating substituent is preferable for the reaction.The reaction mechanism and other factors affecting N-arylhydroxamic acid formation are also descussed.