31387-97-0Relevant articles and documents
Beta Zeolite as a Catalyst for the Preparation of Alkyl Glucoside Surfactants: The Role of Crystal Size and Hydrophobicity
Camblor,Corma,Iborra,Miquel,Primo,Valencia
, p. 76 - 84 (1997)
Zeolite H-beta is an active and selective catalyst for the acetalization of the glucose to form alkyl glucoside nonionic surfactants. The characteristics of size and polarity of reactants, intermediates, and products determine the strong influence of the textural properties of the catalyst (crystal size and adsorption properties) on activity, selectivity, and deactivation. For two series of zeolites with different concentrations of Si-O-Si connectivity defects an optimum in activity is found for intermediate Si/Al ratios, this optimum being reached at lower Si/Al ratios in the series with the lower defect concentration, i.e., in the more hydrophobic series. Thus, the optimum catalyst of the hydrophobic series is more active than that of the hydrophilic series, and it also shows a better resistance to deactivation.
Bio-based Surfactants
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, (2022/03/31)
Bio-based surfactants have great opportunity for use in a variety of applications such as laundry detergents, industrial cleaners, adjuvants, and oil and gas. Surfactants in these applications can be nonionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. Utilizing high oleic soybean oil as a platform chemical, a variety of surfactants and properties can be produced. While early work focused solely on surfactant use in laundry cleaning and fracking, recent work has expanded functional groups and application evaluations in hard surface cleaning. The current invention expands on Battelle's high oleic soybean oil (HOSO) surfactant technology. Use of HOSO overcomes the limitations of regular soybean oil and significantly reduces or eliminates undesirable byproducts in most chemistries. However, with use of select reagents, a few candidates were achievable with regular epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The HOSO surfactant platform offers several key advantages including: a highly water miscible (not typical of C18 surfactants) and water stable surfactant; ability to adjust and vary hydrophilic-lipophilic (HLB) values for stain removal performance; and increased biodegradability without toxic or persistent by-products.
Transformation of cellulose into biodegradable alkyl glycosides by following two different chemical routes
Villandier, Nicolas,Corma, Avelino
experimental part, p. 508 - 513 (2012/03/08)
The transformation of cellulose into long-chain alkyl glycoside surfactants has been carried out following two different routes: (1) Direct transformation of cellulose to butyl-, hexyl-, octyl-, decyl- and dodecyl-α,β- glycosides in an ionic liquid media and Amberlyst-15Dry as catalysts, with mass yield of up to 82%; and (2) two steps reaction with transformation of cellulose into methyl glucosides, with a procedure described by Zhang et al., followed by transacetalation with 1-octanol and 1-decanol in the presence of Amberlyst-15Dry. A kinetic study for the direct transformation of cellulose using 1-octanol has shown that depolymerisation of cellulose continues during the Fischer glycosidation. Increasing the chain length of the alcohol decreases the global reaction rate owing to an increase in the lipophilicity of the alcohol that decreases its contact with the carbohydrates. Finally, several acid catalysts were tested and the best results were obtained with Amberlyst-15Dry.
One pot catalytic conversion of cellulose into biodegradable surfactants
Villandier, Nicolas,Corma, Avelino
supporting information; scheme or table, p. 4408 - 4410 (2010/09/15)
Cellulose has been directly converted into environmentally friendly alkyl glycoside surfactants in a one pot transformation. By working in ionic liquid media with Amberlyst 15Dry (A15) as catalyst and coupling the rate of cellulose hydrolysis and the rate of glycosidation of the monosaccharides formed with C4 to C8 alcohols, it was possible to obtain 82% mass yield of octyl-α,β-glucoside plus octyl-α,β-xyloside.
