3251-23-8 Usage
Description
Copper dinitrate, also known as copper(II) nitrate, is an inorganic nitrate salt with copper(2+) as the counterion. It occurs in nature as the mineral gerhardite and is obtained as a trihydrate and as a hexahydrate. Both forms are blue crystalline solids, with the trihydrate being blue-green orthorhombic crystals and the hexahydrate being blue rhombohedral crystals. Copper dinitrate is deliquescent, sublimates, and readily dissolves in water, alcohols, and dioxane.
Uses
Used in Light-sensitive Reproduction Papers:
Copper dinitrate is used as a light-sensitive agent for the production of reproduction papers, taking advantage of its ability to react to light exposure.
Used in Dyeing and Printing of Fabrics:
As a mordant, copper dinitrate is utilized in the dyeing and printing of fabrics to ensure the colorfastness and durability of the dyes.
Used in Ceramics:
Copper dinitrate serves as a coloring reagent in the ceramics industry, providing a distinct color to the finished products.
Used in Coloring Copper Black:
It is employed for coloring copper black, a process that involves the reaction of copper with copper dinitrate.
Used in Iron Burnishing:
As a burnishing agent for iron, copper dinitrate helps to improve the surface finish and appearance of iron products.
Used in Nickel-plating Baths:
Copper dinitrate is used in nickel-plating baths to enhance the adherence and quality of the nickel coating on various substrates.
Used in Pyrotechnic Compositions:
It is an essential component in the formulation of pyrotechnic compositions, contributing to the color and intensity of the pyrotechnic effects.
Used in Paints, Varnishes, and Enamels:
Copper dinitrate is used as a pigment in the production of paints, varnishes, and enamels, providing color and enhancing the properties of these materials.
Used as an Oxidizing Agent:
It acts as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions, promoting the oxidation of other substances.
Used as a Nitrating Agent for Aromatics:
Copper dinitrate is employed as a nitrating agent for the synthesis of aromatic compounds, facilitating the introduction of nitro groups into the aromatic ring.
Used as a Catalyst:
It serves as a catalyst in certain chemical processes, speeding up the reaction rates and improving the overall efficiency of the reactions.
Used as an Analytical Standard for Copper:
Copper dinitrate is used as an analytical standard for the determination of copper in various samples, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements.
Used in Pharmaceutical Preparations:
Copper dinitrate has applications in the pharmaceutical industry, where it is utilized in the preparation of certain medications.
Used as an Insecticide for Vines:
It is also used as an insecticide, particularly for the protection of vine crops against pests.
Physical Properties:
Copper dinitrate trihydrate and hexahydrate are hygroscopic, with densities of 2.32 g/cm3 (trihydrate) and 2.07 g/cm3 (hexahydrate). The trihydrate melts at 114°C and decomposes at 170°C, while the hexahydrate decomposes to trihydrate at 26.4°C. Both hydrates are very soluble in water and ethanol.
Preparation
Copper(II) nitrate is made by action of copper or copper(II) oxide with nitric acid. The solution is evaporated and the product is obtained by crystallization CuO + 2HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
The nitrate salt prepared by this method is hydrated. It cannot be dehydrated fully without decomposition. Anhydrous CuNO3 may be prepared by dissolving copper metal in a solution of dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, in ethyl acetate. Upon crystallization, an N2O4 adduct of Cu(NO3)2 that probably has the composition [NO+][Cu(NO3)3] is obtained. This adduct, on heating at 90°C, yields blue anhydrous copper(II) nitrate which can be sublimed in vacuum at 150°C and collected.
Reactions
Thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate produces copper oxides and nitrogen oxides.
In aqueous solutions, copper(II) nitrate undergoes many double decomposition reactions with soluble salts of other metals, forming precipitates of insoluble copper salts.
When H2S is passed through its aqueous solution, black CuS precipitates. Copper(II) nitrate reacts with ether forming a complex.
Hazard
Copper(II) nitrate is moderately toxic by ingestion. Skin or eye contact can cause irritation.
LD50 oral (rat): 940 mg/kg.
Copper(II) nitrate, being an oxidizing agent, can undergo violent reactions with readily oxidizable substances. Reaction with acetic anhydride is violent, and heating with potassium or ammonium ferrocyanide at 220°C may cause an explosion. It can ignite paper on prolonged contact.
Hazard
Oxidizer, causes violent combustion or
explosion with organic materials.
Air & Water Reactions
Deliquescent. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Mixtures of Copper dinitrate with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick, 1979 p. 108-109]. A finely divided mixture of potassium ferrocyanide and Copper dinitrate exploded when dried at 220°C [Chem. Abst. 77:1343 (1972)]. Noncombustible, but Copper dinitrate will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities of the material are involved in a fire or the material is finely divided, an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes irritation of throat and lungs. Ingestion of large amounts causes violent vomiting and purging, intense pain, collapse, coma, convulsions, and paralysis. Solutions irritate eyes; contact with solid causes severe eye surface injury and skin irritation.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. A severe eye and skin irritant.
Potentially explosive reaction above 22OOC
with ammonium or potassium
hexacyanoferrate(I1). Reaction with
ammonia + potassium amide gives explosive
product. Violent reaction with acetic anhydride. May ignite on prolonged contact
with paper. Concentrated solutions may
ipte in contact with tin or aluminum foil.
Used as a fungicide, herbicide, and as a
catalyst component in solid rocket fuel.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. See also COPPER
COMPOUNDS and NITRATES.
Potential Exposure
Cupric nitrate is used as an insecticide, in paint, varnish, enamel, and in wood preservatives. Metal compounds are often used in “hot” operations in the work-place. These may include, but are not limited to, welding, brazing, soldering, plating, cutting, and metallizing. At the high temperatures reached in these operations, metals often form metal fumes which have different health effects and exposure standards than the original metal compound and require specialized controls.
Shipping
UN1479 Oxidizing solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer, Technical Name Required.
Incompatibilities
A strong oxidizer. Aqueous solution is acidic; incompatible with bases. Violent reaction with potassium hexacyanoferrate; ammonia and potassium amide mixtures; acetic anhydrides, cyanides, ethers. Forms explosive materials with nitromethanes, sodium hypobromite; acetylene; chemically active metals, such as potassium, sodium, etc. May ignite on contact with aluminum foil or tin. Risk of spontaneous combustion with combustibles (wood, cloth, etc.) organics, or reducing agents and readily oxidizable materials. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture.
Waste Disposal
Copper-containing soluble wastes can be concentrated through the use of ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or evaporators to the point where copper can be electrolytically removed and sent to a reclaiming firm. If recovery is not feasible, the copper can be precipitated through the use of caustics and the sludge deposited in a chemical waste landfill. Add slowly to water; stir in excess soda ash. Let stand, then neutralize. Decant solution and flush to sewer; landfill sludge
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 3251-23-8 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 3,2,5 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 3251-23:
(6*3)+(5*2)+(4*5)+(3*1)+(2*2)+(1*3)=58
58 % 10 = 8
So 3251-23-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Cu.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+2;-1
