335157-94-3Relevant articles and documents
Highly selective oxidation of alkylphenols to p-benzoquinones with aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by divanadium-substituted polyoxotungstates
Ivanchikova, Irina D.,Maksimchuk, Nataliya V.,Maksimovskaya, Raisa I.,Maksimov, Gennadii M.,Kholdeeva, Oxana A.
, p. 2706 - 2713 (2014/08/18)
The catalytic performance of divanadium- and dititanium-substituted γ-Keggin polyoxotungstates, TBA4H[γ-PW10V 2O40] (I, TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium), TBA 4H2[γ-SiW10V2O40] (II), and TBA8[{γ-SiW10Ti2O 36(OH)2}2(μ-O)2] (III) has been assessed in the selective oxidation of industrially important alkylphenols/naphthols with the green oxidant 35% aqueous H2O 2. Phosphotungstate I revealed a superior catalytic performance in terms of activity and selectivity and produced alkylsubstituted p-benzo- and naphthoquinones with good to excellent yields. By applying the optimized reaction conditions, 2,3,5-trimethyl-p-benzoquinone (TMBQ, vitamin E key intermediate) was obtained in a nearly quantitative yield via oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (TMP). The efficiency of H2O2 utilization reached 90%. The catalyst retained its structure under turnover conditions and could be recycled and reused. An active peroxo vanadium complex responsible for the oxidation of TMP to TMBQ has been identified using 51V and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Highly selective oxidation of alkylphenols to benzoquinones with hydrogen peroxide over silica-supported titanium catalysts: Titanium cluster site versus titanium single site
Kholdeeva, Oxana A.,Ivanchikova, Irina D.,Guidotti, Matteo,Pirovano, Claudio,Ravasio, Nicoletta,Barmatova, Marina V.,Chesalov, Yurii A.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1877 - 1889 (2011/03/20)
Titanium-silica catalysts have been prepared by supporting titanium(IV) precursors with different nuclearity {mononuclear titanocene dichloride Ti(Cp)2Cl2, dinuclear titanium diethyl tartrate and the tetranuclear titanium peroxo complex (NH4)8[Ti 4(C6H4O7)4(O 2)4].8H2O} onto the surface of silica materials with different textural characteristics. The supported catalysts have been explored as highly active and reusable catalysts for the oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) and 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP) to 2,3,5-trimethyl-l,4- benzoquinone (TMBQ, vitamin E key intermediate) and 2,6-dimethyl-l,4- benzoquinone (DMBQ), respectively, using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant. Catalysts prepared by grafting mononuclear Ti(Cp)2Cl 2 revealed a strong dependence of the product selectivity on the surface concentration of titanium active centers. Mesoporous materials with titanium surface concentration in the range of 0.61.0 Ti/nm2 were identified as optimal catalysts for the transformation of alkylphenols to benzoquinones. Catalysts having 2 produced a mixture of benzoquinones and dimeric by-products. Conversely, when di-/tetranuclear titanium precursors were employed for the catalyst preparation, a diminution of the titanium surface concentration had no impact on the benzoquinone selectivity, which was typically as high as 96-99%. DR-UV spectroscopic studies revealed that the catalysts capable of producing alkylbenzoquinones with nearly quantitative yields possess titanium dimers and/or subnanometer-size clusters homogeneously distributed on a silica surface. On the contrary, catalysts with isolated titanium sites give a considerable amount of dimeric by-products. This is the first example which clearly demonstrates the advantages of titanium cluster-site catalysts over titanium single-site catalysts in hydrogen peroxidebased selective oxidation reaction.
