33555-17-8Relevant articles and documents
Polysubstituted Indole Synthesis via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis of Oxime Esters
Liu, Jiechun,Lin, Haojiang,Jiang, Huanfeng,Huang, Liangbin
supporting information, p. 484 - 489 (2022/01/20)
Polysubstituted indoles are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials. Presented herein is the fact that polyfunctionalized indoles can be efficiently constructed from easily accessible oxime esters and aryl iodides, involving a palladium/norbornene synergistic synthesis. The reaction is enabled by a unique class of electrophiles in palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis, which are oxime esters derived from simple ketone. The broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance could make this method attractive for the synthesis of polysubstituted indoles.
Modular counter-Fischer?indole synthesis through radical-enolate coupling
Chung, Hyunho,Kim, Jeongyun,Gonzalez-Montiel, Gisela A.,Cheong, Paul Ha-Yeon,Lee, Hong Geun
, p. 1096 - 1102 (2021/01/26)
A single-electron transfer mediated modular indole formation reaction from a 2-iodoaniline derivative and a ketone has been developed. This transition-metal-free reaction shows a broad substrate scope and unconventional regioselectivity trends. Moreover, important functional groups for further transformation are tolerated under the reaction conditions. Density functional theory studies reveal that the reaction proceeds by metal coordination, which converts a disfavored 5-endo-trig cyclization to an accessible 7-endo-trig process.
Synthesis of 2-substituted indole with Hantzsch ester catalyzed by palladium
Li, Yanan,Wang, Bo,Xing, Ruiguang
, p. 295 - 303 (2019/08/01)
An efficient reductive cyclization of o-nitrobenzyl ketone compounds was achieved by using a Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine ester as a biomimetic reducing agent in the presence of catalytic palladium on carbon. 2-Substituted indoles were obtained in good yields. Investigation of the mechanism suggests that palladium hydride promotes the reduction of nitro group, and acetic acid was beneficial for the loss of water to produce the intended product. This reaction system can not only broaden the use of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine ester, but it also provides a novel approach for preparing indole compounds.