34805-47-5Relevant articles and documents
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) by nitroalkene fatty acids: Importance of nitration position and degree of unsaturation
Gorczynski, Michael J.,Smitherman, Pamela K.,Akiyama, Taro E.,Wood, Harold B.,Berger, Joel P.,King, S. Bruce,Morrow, Charles S.
, p. 4631 - 4639 (2009)
Nitroalkene fatty acids are potent endogenous ligand activators of PPARγ-dependent transcription. Previous studies with the naturally occurring regioisomers of nitrolinoleic acid revealed that the isomers are not equivalent with respect to PPARγ activation. To gain further insight into the structure-activity relationships between nitroalkenes and PPARγ, we examined additional naturally occurring nitroalkenes derived from oleic acid, 9-nitrooleic acid (E-9-NO2-18:1 [1]) and 10-nitrooleic acid (E-10-NO2-18:1 [2]), and several synthetic nitrated enoic fatty acids of variable carbon chain length, double bonds, and nitration site. At submicromolar concentrations, E-12-NO2 derivatives were considerably more potent than isomers nitrated at carbons 5, 6, 9, 10, and 13, and chain length (16 versus 18) or number of double bonds (1 versus 2) was of little consequence for PPARγ activation. Interestingly, at higher concentrations (>2 μM) the nitrated enoic fatty acids (E-9-NO2-18:1 [1], E-9-NO2-16:1 [3], E-10-NO2-18:1 [2], and E-12-NO 2-18:1 [7]) deviated significantly from the saturable pattern of PPARγ activation observed for nitrated 1,4-dienoic fatty acids (E-9-NO2-18:2, E-10-NO2-18:2, E-12-NO2-18:2, and E-13-NO2-18:2).
COMPOUNDS, METHODS AND FORMULATIONS FOR THE ORAL DELIVERY OF A GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE (GLP)-1 COMPOUND OR AN MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR (MC4) AGONIST PEPTIDE
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Page/Page column 59, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to novel compounds, methods, and formulations useful for the oral delivery of a GLP-1 compound or an MC4 agonist peptide.
Pyrrolizidine-3-ones
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, (2008/06/13)
The present invention provides certain 2,3-didehydro-5-oxopyrrolizidinones and indolizidinones which are useful as lipid-altering and anti-atherosclerotic agents.