3598-37-6 Usage
Description
Acepromazine maleate is a phenothiazine antipsychotic, an analog of chlorpromazine, and a dopamine receptor antagonist. It exhibits various pharmacological properties, such as binding to muscarinic receptors in rat brain and inhibiting contractions of guinea pig ileum induced by acetylcholine. Acepromazine also inhibits morphine-induced vomiting in dogs and has effects on the development of conditioned avoidance response, unconditioned escape response, and catalepsy in rats. It is commonly used in veterinary care as a tranquilizer and anesthetic premedicant for both small and large animals. Chemically, it is a yellow crystalline solid.
Uses
Used in Veterinary Medicine:
Acepromazine maleate is used as a tranquilizer for managing anxiety and stress in animals, as well as an anesthetic premedicant to provide a calm and relaxed state before surgery.
Used in Pharmaceutical Research:
Acepromazine maleate is used as an antihistamine, helping to alleviate allergic reactions and symptoms in various species.
Used in Endocrinology:
As a vitamin D2 analog and blood calcium regulator, acepromazine maleate is used therapeutically for the treatment of chronic hypocalcemia, helping to maintain proper calcium levels in the body.
Used in Anesthesia Research:
Acepromazine maleate is used as a component of anesthesia cocktail to test its effects on behavioral changes in rats, providing valuable insights into the drug's impact on animal behavior under anesthesia.
Used in Respiratory Research:
It is also used as a component of anesthesia cocktail to study its effects on lung resistance in rats, which can help in understanding the drug's potential implications on respiratory function during anesthesia.
Used in Oncology Research:
Acepromazine maleate serves as an anti-psychotic pharmaceutical agent to study its cytotoxic effects on malignant glioma in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, potentially contributing to the development of novel treatments for this aggressive form of brain cancer.
Originator
Sedaject ,Bayer Korea Co.
Manufacturing Process
120 g 3-acetylphenothiazine (0.479 mol) are heated to the boil in 1.2 L
xylene and a rapid stream of phosgene then passed in for a period of 12
hours. The solvent is then removed by distillation and the residue taken up in
1 L benzene. The benzene solution is heated to the boil and 112 g of γ-
dimethylaminopropyl alcohol (1.09 mol) are added within a period of 15 min
and the reaction mixture boiled for a further 2 hours. After cooling, the
precipitated hydrochloride of the γ-dimethylaminopropyl alcohol washed with
benzene and the combined benzene solutions rapidly washed with water in
order to remove excess basic alcohol. The material is dried over potash and
the hydrochloride precipitated by means of ethereal hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloride may also be precipitated by passing in gaseous hydrogen
chloride. After recrystallisation from isopropanol, 157 g (78% of theory) of γ-
dimethylaminopropyl 3-acetylphenothiazine-10-carboxylate are obtained. The
hydrochloride melts at 212°C.
Therapeutic Function
Neuroleptic, Antiemetic
Biochem/physiol Actions
Acepromazine is a phenothiazine antipsychotic comonly used as a veterinary drug (horses, dogs and cats). The compound is an analogue antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (#C8138). The drug is thought to block receptors of dopamine in the brain. Recently it was discover that the compound inhibits ABCG2 transported protein, which overexpression in tumors is associated with drug resistance.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous,and intravenous routes. When heated to decomposition itemits highly toxic fumes of NOx and SOx.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Acepromazine is approved for use in dogs, cats, and horses. Labeled
indications
for dogs and cats include: “. . . as an aid in controlling
intractable animals . . . alleviate itching as a result of skin irritation;
as an antiemetic to control vomiting associated with motion sickness”
and as a preanesthetic agent. The use of acepromazine as a
sedative/tranquilizer in the treatment of adverse behaviors in dogs
or cats has largely been supplanted by newer, effective agents that
have fewer adverse effects. Its use for sedation during travel is controversial
and many no longer recommend drug therapy for this
purpose.
In horses, acepromazine is labeled “. . . as an aid in controlling
fractious animals,” and in conjunction with local anesthesia for
various procedures and treatments. It is also commonly used in horses as a pre-anesthetic agent at very small doses to help control
behavior.
Although not approved, it is used as a tranquilizer (see doses)
in other species such as swine, cattle, rabbits, sheep and goats.
Acepromazine has also been shown to reduce the incidence of halothane-
induced malignant hyperthermia in susceptible pigs.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 3598-37-6 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 3,5,9 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 3598-37:
(6*3)+(5*5)+(4*9)+(3*8)+(2*3)+(1*7)=116
116 % 10 = 6
So 3598-37-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C19H22N2OS.C4H4O4/c1-14(22)15-9-10-19-17(13-15)21(12-6-11-20(2)3)16-7-4-5-8-18(16)23-19;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h4-5,7-10,13H,6,11-12H2,1-3H3;1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;2-1-
