39001-02-0Relevant articles and documents
Formation and emission status of PCDDS/PCDFS in municipal solid waste incinerators in korea
Kim, Sam-Cwan,Jeon, Sung-Hwan,Jung, Il-Rok,Kim, Ki-Heon,Kwon, Myung-Hee,Kim, Jae-Hyung,Yi, Jun-Heung,Kim, Seung-Jin,You, Jae-Cheon,Jung, Dong-Hee
, p. 701 - 707 (2007/10/03)
This study was carried out to examine the formation and the emission status of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/ polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) in the flue gases of commercial-scale municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators, and thus to provi
Mechanistic studies on the role of PAHs and related compounds in PCDD/F formation on model fly ashes
Wilhelm,Stieglitz,Dinjus,Will
, p. 797 - 802 (2007/10/03)
Model fly ashes containing Florisil , CuCl2 · 2H2O and PAHs with structures similar to dibenzo-p-dioxin or dibenzofuran were heated at 250°C in He/O2 with regard to a supposed intramolecular reaction mechanism for oxygen incorporation. Highest reactivities in PCDF formation could be found for model compounds containing a biphenyl structure, while condensed π-systems lead to a decrease in reactivity for such compounds. Biphenyl is almost completely converted to dibenzofuran. PCDD formation from six-membered rings like xanthene/9,10-dihydroanthracene is of minor importance. 18O-labeling of gaseous oxygen reveals no common reaction step for oxygen incorporation using 9-fluorenone, xanthene, diphenyl ether and diphenyl-2-carboxylic acid as model compounds. Pre-existing oxygen in reactants is a major source for ether groups in PCDD and PCDF. Determination of labeled and unlabeled CO and CO2 besides He/O2 reflects higher reactivities towards oxidation for model compounds containing ether groups than for compounds with carbonyl groups.
Estimation of dioxin emission from fires in chemicals
Vikelsoe,Johansen
, p. 165 - 175 (2007/10/03)
The formation of the 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted-PCDDs and PCDFs during combustion of selected chemicals were measured by high-resolution GC/MS. The 16 chemicals studied were commonly used chlorinated pesticides, industrial chemicals, and PVC. In a series of experiments carried out in a DIN 53,436 furnace, 2.5 g of these compounds were burned at 500°C and 900°C, respectively. The resultant yields ranged from 740 ng ITEQ/g for pentachlorophenol, to below 0.01 ng ITEQ/g for PVC and dichlobenil. The results show that some chemicals generate PCDD/F in very high - possibly dangerous - amounts during burning, whereas others generate insignificant amounts. The influence of scale were studied for chlorobenzene and 4-chloro- 3-nitro-benzoic acid in additional experiments, carried out in a cone calorimeter burning 20 g substance, and in ISO 9705 room test burning about 50 kg. A good agreement between the results for large and small scale indicated that formation of PCCD/F during a fire may be estimated from laboratory experiments. This suggest laboratory test may be used to screen for chemicals posing a hazard for release of PCDD/F during fires.