42408-82-2 Usage
Description
Butorphanol, a semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, is structurally a morphinan and shares the same cyclobutyl methyl group on the nitrogen as nalbuphine. It acts as an agonist at the κ-receptor and as a partial agonist and antagonist at the μ-receptor. Butorphanol exhibits high affinity for the κ-receptors, which is believed to contribute to its analgesic properties and central nervous system adverse effects such as hallucinations, psychosis, and paranoid reactions. It is used in its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt form for relief of moderate to severe pain.
Brand name: Stadol (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Butorphanol is used as an analgesic for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Its high affinity for κ-receptors is responsible for its analgesic properties, while its partial agonist and antagonist activity at the μ-receptor helps to reduce the risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms in patients maintained on high-potency μ-agonists such as morphine.
Used in Antitussive Applications:
Butorphanol is used as an antitussive to suppress coughing by acting on the cough center in the brain. Its agonist-antagonist properties allow it to effectively reduce cough reflex without causing significant respiratory depression.
Used in Controlled Substances:
Butorphanol is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence. Its use is regulated to ensure that it is prescribed and used appropriately for medical purposes, minimizing the risk of misuse and addiction.
Originator
Stadol,Bristol-Myers,US,1978
Manufacturing Process
A mixture of 1.0 g (2.58 mmols) of N-cyclobutylmethyl-14-hydroxy-9-
methoxymorphinan and 10 ml of 48% HBr was refluxed, under a nitrogen
atmosphere, during five minutes. After cooling, the reaction mixture was
diluted with water and made basic with aqueous ammonium hydroxide. The
aquous basic mixture was extracted with chloroform and the combined
chloroform extracts were dried over anhyrous sodium sulfate. After
evaporation of the solvent, the residual oil (730 mg) was taken up in dry
ether and the resulting solution filtered through celite-charcoal. The filtrate
was treated with a saturated solution of hydrogen chloride in dry ether. The
hydrochloride salt thus obtained was collected by filtration and recrystallized
from a methanol-acetone mixture to yield 565 mg (56.5%)of Butorphanol
hydrochloride crystals melting at 272°-274°C (decomposition).
Therapeutic Function
Analgesic, Antitussive
Biological Functions
Butorphanol (Stadol) is chemically related to levorphanol
but pharmacologically similar in action to pentazocine.
As an opioid antagonist it is nearly 30 times as
potent as pentazocine and has one-fortieth the potency
of naloxone. It is a potent opioid analgesic indicated for
the relief of moderate to severe pain. Its potency is 7
times that of morphine and 20 times that of pentazocine
as an analgesic. Its onset of action is similar to that of
morphine.The side effects and signs of toxicity are similar
to those produced by pentazocine. It produces excitatory
effects and sedation and precipitates withdrawal
in opioid-dependent patients. Although generally administered
parenterally because of its low bioavailability
following oral administration, it is also unique in that
a nasal spray formulation is available.The nasal spray is
indicated for the relief of postoperative pain and migraine
headache. The low molecular weight of butorphanol,
its high lipophilicity, and its lack of vasoconstrictor
effects make it particularly suitable for nasal
administration.Nasal administration of butorphanol decreases the
onset of action to 15 minutes and decreases the firstpass
effect of the drug, which increases bioavailability.
Generally the patient sprays a set dose of 1 mg per hour
for 2 hours. The duration of action is 4 to 5 hours.
The convenience of such administration is a major advantage to patients requiring repeat dosing. The
abuse potential following such administration has not
been extensively studied, although it is thought to be
small. Butorphanol is not a federally controlled
(“scheduled”) drug, so physicians are not required to
obtain the licenses and security safeguards required for
other opioid analgesics.
Adverse effects, contraindications, and drug interactions
are similar to those for pentazocine and morphine.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 42408-82-2 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 4,2,4,0 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 42408-82:
(7*4)+(6*2)+(5*4)+(4*0)+(3*8)+(2*8)+(1*2)=102
102 % 10 = 2
So 42408-82-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C21H29NO2/c23-17-7-6-16-12-19-21(24)9-2-1-8-20(21,18(16)13-17)10-11-22(19)14-15-4-3-5-15/h6-7,13,15,19,23-24H,1-5,8-12,14H2/t19-,20+,21-/m1/s1
42408-82-2Relevant articles and documents
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE
-
Page/Page column 25, (2017/11/03)
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of Butorphanol tartrate of formula (I),
Process for the preparation of 14-hydroxymorphinan derivatives
-
, (2008/06/13)
N-substituted-14-hydroxy-3-substituted-morphinan derivatives have been found to possess potent narcotic agonist or antagonist activity. In particular, the compound 3,14-dihydroxy-N-cyclobutylmethylmorphinan has been found to possess potent agonist/antagonist activity. A new and novel total synthesis for the preparation of these compounds is described herein.
Oxilorphan and butorphanol. Potent narcotic antagonists and nonaddicting analgesics in the 3,14 dihydroxymorphinan series. Part V
Monkovic,Wong,Pircio,et al.
, p. 3094 - 3102 (2007/10/10)
A series of 3,14 dihydroxymorphinans 8 was synthesized via a method of (a) acylation of 3 methoxy Δ84 morphinan 4a (b) stereospecific epoxidation of the resultant amides to β epoxides 5 (c) simultaneous reduction of amide and epoxide functions and (d) demethylation of the resultant 3 methoxy 14 hydroxymorphinans 7. Alternatively deblocking of the amine function in 5b by hydrolysis followed by reduction of the resultant amino epoxide 5e afforded 14 hydroxy 3 methoxymorphinan 7e, which is readily alkylated and demethylated to give various 8. On a basis of interesting pharmacological profiles compounds l 8c (oxilorphan) and l 8d (butorphanol) were selected for clinical studies.
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