47931-85-1 Usage
Description
Calcitonin salmon, a polypeptide hormone secreted by the ultimobranchial gland of salmon, belongs to the calcitonin-like protein family. It is a single-chain polypeptide consisting of 32 amino acid residues, with a markedly different sequence from that of higher vertebrates, resulting in more potent activity. The C-terminal proline amide (Pro-NH2) and the disulfide bridge between Cys residues at positions 1 and 7 are crucial for its biological function. Salmon CT differs from human CT at 16 amino acid residues. It is a white or almost white powder and has actions essentially identical to calcitonins of mammalian origin but with greater potency and longer duration of action.
Uses
1. Osteoporosis: Calcitonin salmon is used as a therapeutic agent for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is characterized by fragile or brittle bones. It works by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption, decreasing serum calcium, and increasing renal excretion of phosphate, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium by decreasing tubular reabsorption.
2. Hypercalcemia: Calcitonin salmon is used as a treatment for high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) by decreasing blood calcium and phosphate levels due to the inhibition of resorption by osteoblasts and osteocytes.
3. Paget's disease: Calcitonin salmon is used to treat Paget's disease of bone, a condition characterized by abnormal bone metabolism and rapid bone turnover.
4. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (algodistrophy or Sudeck's disease): Calcitonin salmon may be used to alleviate the symptoms of this painful condition, which is a result of abnormal bone and tissue metabolism.
5. Calcitonin receptor/cAMP assay: Calcitonin salmon can be used for assessing the presence of calcitonin receptors expressed by TRAP+ cells, which is important for understanding the biological function and potential therapeutic applications of calcitonin.
6. Research applications: Calcitonin salmon can be used as a test compound for studying and comparing the impact of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and salmon calcitonin (sCT) on the gastric mucosal barrier in rats exposed to cold and restraint stress (CRS), which can provide insights into the physiological roles and potential therapeutic uses of calcitonin in various conditions.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Calcitonin salmon is used as a therapeutic agent for various bone-related conditions, such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and Paget's disease, due to its potent activity in inhibiting bone resorption and regulating calcium levels in the body.
Used in Research and Development:
Calcitonin salmon is used as a research tool for studying the effects of calcitonin on bone metabolism, as well as for assessing the presence of calcitonin receptors and their role in various physiological processes.
Sequence
H-Cys-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Cys-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Leu-His-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn-Thr-Gly-Ser-Gly-Thr-Pro-NH2 acetate salt (Disulfide bond)
Biological Activity
Hypocalcemic hormone produced by the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid or by the ultimobranchial bodies of nonmammalian vertebrates. Decreases blood calcium and phosphate due to inhibition of resorption by osteoblasts and osteocytes.
Calcitonin also refers as thyrocalcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone, which is present abundantly in seminal plasma compare to serum. It acts as a first messenger and hence regulate the the production of cAMP as well as mammalian sperm function. It may also facilitate the regulation of different isoforms of adenylyl cyclase. Additionally, salmon calcitonin stimulates the bone formation and inhibits the bone resorption in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
Active Substance
In humans, salmon calcitonin is more active than its human analog.
Calcitonin (salmon) positively influences bone remodelling and bone mass density due to its inhibiting effect on osteoclast activity. The beneficial effect of salmon calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporotic bone fractures is also due to the promotion of the cartilaginous phase of fracture healing and to pain relief.[www.bachem.com]
Indication
Calcitonin Salmon Can Used in the treatment of symptomatic Paget's disease for patients unresponsive to alternate treatments or intolerant to such treatments. In addition, it is used in emergency situations when serum calcium levels must be decreased quickly until the underlying condition is identified. It can also be added to existing therapeutic regimens for hypercalcemia such as intravenous fluids and furosemide, oral phosphate or corticosteroids, or other agents. Calcitonin can be used in patients with azotemia and cases where intravenous fluids would be contraindicated due to limited cardiac reserves. Also for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis in women more than 5 years post-menopause.
Pharmacodynamics
Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts (bone remodeling cells) and promotes bone formation by osteoblasts. This leads to a net increase in bone mass and a reduction in plasma calcium levels. It also promotes the renal excretion of ions such as calcium, phosphate, sodium, magnesium, and potassium by decreasing tubular reabsorption. In consequence, there is an increase in the jejunal secretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride.
Mechanism of action
Calcitonin binds to the calcitonin receptor (found primarily in osteoclasts) which then enhances the production of vitamin D producing enzymes (25-hydroxyvitamine D-24-hydroxylase), leading to greater calcium retention and enhanced bone density. Binding of calcitonin to its receptor also activates adenylyl cyclase and the phosphatidyl-inositol-calcium pathway.
References: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00017
References
1.http://www.usp.org
2.http://reference.medscape.com
3.https://www.drugs.com/cdi/calcitonin-salmon.html
4.http://www.rxlist.com/miacalcin-side-effects-drug-center.htm
5.http://www.rxlist.com/miacalcin-drug/clinical-pharmacology.htm
Biochem/physiol Actions
Calcitonin also refers as thyrocalcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone, which is present abundantly in seminal plasma compare to serum. It acts as a first messenger and hence regulate the the production of cAMP as well as mammalian sperm function. It may also facilitate the regulation of different isoforms of adenylyl cyclase. Additionally, salmon calcitonin stimulates the bone formation and inhibits the bone resorption in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
Clinical Use
Only salmon CT is commercially available for medical use, because on a weight basis, it is
approximately 45-fold more potent than human CT. Salmon CT, in parenteral form, is approved
for treating Paget's disease of bone (generally seen in older persons; involves increased bone
resorption and softening of bones), postmenopausal osteoporosis, and hypercalcemia of malignancy
(multiple myeloma or advanced breast carcinoma). Salmon CT also is available in a nasal spray
formulation, which is used exclusively in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
In small animals, calcitonin has been used as adjunctive therapy to
control hypercalcemia.
Its use has been limited by expense, availability
and resistance development to its effects after several days
of treatment.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 47931-85-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 4,7,9,3 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 47931-85:
(7*4)+(6*7)+(5*9)+(4*3)+(3*1)+(2*8)+(1*5)=151
151 % 10 = 1
So 47931-85-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C145H240N44O48S2/c1-65(2)45-86(175-139(232)110(70(11)12)183-136(229)99-63-239-238-62-79(148)117(210)178-96(59-191)134(227)174-92(52-104(151)202)131(224)172-90(49-69(9)10)129(222)180-98(61-193)135(228)187-114(74(16)197)142(235)181-99)118(211)158-55-106(204)162-80(25-18-20-40-146)120(213)169-89(48-68(7)8)128(221)179-97(60-192)133(226)167-83(34-37-102(149)200)122(215)165-85(36-39-109(207)208)123(216)171-88(47-67(5)6)127(220)173-91(51-77-54-156-64-161-77)130(223)164-81(26-19-21-41-147)121(214)170-87(46-66(3)4)126(219)166-84(35-38-103(150)201)125(218)186-113(73(15)196)141(234)177-94(50-76-30-32-78(199)33-31-76)143(236)189-44-24-29-101(189)137(230)168-82(27-22-42-157-145(154)155)124(217)185-112(72(14)195)140(233)176-93(53-105(152)203)132(225)184-111(71(13)194)138(231)160-56-107(205)163-95(58-190)119(212)159-57-108(206)182-115(75(17)198)144(237)188-43-23-28-100(188)116(153)209/h30-33,54,64-75,79-101,110-115,190-199H,18-29,34-53,55-63,146-148H2,1-17H3,(H2,149,200)(H2,150,201)(H2,151,202)(H2,152,203)(H2,153,20
