51560-55-5Relevant articles and documents
Cross-Coupling between Hydrazine and Aryl Halides with Hydroxide Base at Low Loadings of Palladium by Rate-Determining Deprotonation of Bound Hydrazine
Borate, Kailaskumar,Choi, Kyoungmin,Goetz, Roland,Hartwig, John F.,Shinde, Harish,Wang, Justin Y.,Zuend, Stephan J.
, p. 399 - 408 (2020/10/29)
Reported here is the Pd-catalyzed C–N coupling of hydrazine with (hetero)aryl chlorides and bromides to form aryl hydrazines with catalyst loadings as low as 100 ppm of Pd and KOH as base. Mechanistic studies revealed two catalyst resting states: an arylpalladium(II) hydroxide and arylpalladium(II) chloride. These compounds are present in two interconnected catalytic cycles and react with hydrazine and base or hydrazine alone to give the product. The selectivity of the hydroxide complex with hydrazine to form aryl over diaryl hydrazine was lower than that of the chloride complex, as well as the catalytic reaction. In contrast, the selectivity of the chloride complex closely matched that of the catalytic reaction, indicating that the aryl hydrazine is derived from this complex. Kinetic studies showed that the coupling process occurs by rate-limiting deprotonation of a hydrazine-bound arylpalladium(II) chloride complex to give an arylpalladium(II) hydrazido complex.
NSC 18725, a Pyrazole Derivative Inhibits Growth of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Induction of Autophagy
Arora, Garima,Behura, Assirbad,Dhiman, Rohan,Gagandeep, Garima,Gosain, Tannu Priya,Kandi, Shamseer Kulangara,Kidwai, Saqib,Rawat, Diwan S.,Shaliwal, Ravi P.,Singh, Padam,Singh, Ramandeep
, (2020/02/26)
The increasing incident rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a global health concern and has been further complicated by the emergence of extensive and total drug-resistant strains. Identification of new chemical entities which are compatible with first-line TB drugs, possess activity against DR-, and metabolically less active bacteria is required to tackle this epidemic. Here, we have performed phenotypic screening of a small molecule library against Mycobacterium bovis BCG and identified 24 scaffolds that exhibited MIC99 values of at least 2.5 μM. The most potent small molecule identified in our study was a nitroso containing pyrazole derivative, NSC 18725. We observed a significant reduction in viable bacilli load of starved Mycobacterium tuberculosis upon exposure to NSC 18725. The action of NSC 18725 was “synergistic” with isoniazid (INH) and “additive” with other drugs in our checkerboard assays. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the parent compound revealed that pyrazole derivatives without a functional group at fourth position lacked anti-mycobacterial activity in vitro. The derivative with para-chlorophenyl substitution at the first position of the pyrazole ring was the most active scaffold. We also demonstrate that NSC 18725 is able to induce autophagy in differentiated THP-1 macrophages. The induction of autophagy by NSC 18725 is the major mechanism for the killing of intracellular slow and fast-growing mycobacteria. Taken together, these observations support the identification of NSC 18725 as an antimycobacterial compound, which synergizes with INH, is active against non-replicative mycobacteria and induces autophagy in macrophages.
1-Aryl-3,5-dimethylpyrazolium based tunable protic ionic liquids (TPILs)
?zdemir, Melek Canbulat,?zgün, Beytiye,Aktan, Ebru
, p. 564 - 572 (2019/01/05)
A series of new 1-aryl-3,5-dimethylpyrazolium based tunable protic ionic liquids/salts ([PhRHpz][X], R: –H, –Cl, –Br, –CH3, –OCH3, X: chloride [Cl?] and tetrafluoroborate [BF4 ?]) have been synthesized through acid-base neutralization reactions between 1-aryl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazoles and the corresponding inorganic acids. The chemical structure of the salts was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and 19F NMR (3a-3e) and the crystal structure of the two salts (2a and 3d) was also elucidated by X-ray analysis of single crystals. Melting points and thermal decomposition temperatures of TPILs (2e and 3b) were determined. The geometries of the cations, anions and ionic salts were optimized, and their molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) were assessed by using density functional theory methods (B3LYP and M06-2X). The electrochemical window of the salts was determined both experimentally and theoretically. The correlation coefficient values were also calculated by using theoretical and experimental EW values of the salts.
