535-77-3Relevant articles and documents
Solvent-free isomerization of 3-carene to 2-carene using Na/o-chlorotoluene catalyst in trans-isolimonene production
Julianto, Tatang Shabur,Jumina,Jojo, Hardjono Sastrohamid,Mustofa
, p. 3107 - 3111 (2017)
Trans-isolimonene is one of the important compound in drugs development. This compound can be made by isomerization of inexpensive 3-carene via 2-carene using Na/o-chlorotoluene catalyst in xylene. The existence of xylene as a solvent requires a further separation process that can reduce the efficiency when applied in the bulk industry. The isomerization of 3-carene to 2-carene has been studied in solvent free reaction compared by isomerization without xylene solvent. The result showed that the isomerization can also occur in solvent-free condition. Solventfree isomerization gave 27.72% of conversion and 83.27% of selectivity while isomerization with solvent gave 23.59% of conversion and 86.87% of selectivity.
Alkylation of Toluene with Isopropanol on Lantanum Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite
Abdullaeva,Voskressenskii,Akhmedova,Mamedov
, p. 190 - 197 (2020/12/17)
Abstract: The effect of lanthanum concentration on the physicochemical and catalyticproperties of HZSM-5 zeolite in a reaction of toluene alkylation withisopropanol was studied in a temperature range of 250–350°C. Based on the dataobtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (BETmethod), and IR spectroscopy, it was shown that an increase in lanthanumconcentration in HZSM-5 from 1.0 wt % to 7.0 wt % reduces both the specificsurface area and the pore volume of the zeolite despite the retention of itscrystalline structure. This also results in redistribution of acid sites,specifically decreases the concentration of strong Br?nsted acid sites (B) andincreases that of moderate Lewis acid sites (L), thus decreasing the B/L ratiofrom 3.53 to 0.20. All these occurrences have a crucial effect on theselectivity of reaction products and, in particular, on the p-isopropyl toluene (4-IPT) selectivity. Maximumselectivity, making up 72.4%, is achieved by a zeolite containing 5.0 wt %lanthanum at a B/L ratio of 0.25.
Iron-Catalyzed Isopropylation of Electron-Deficient Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides
Sanderson, James N.,Dominey, Andrew P.,Percy, Jonathan M.
, p. 1007 - 1017 (2017/03/27)
Traditional methods for the preparation of secondary alkyl-substituted aryl and heteroaryl chlorides challenge both selectivity and functional group tolerance. This contribution describes the use of statistical design of experiments to develop an effective procedure for the preparation of isopropyl-substituted (hetero)arenes with minimal isopropyl to n-propyl isomerization. The reaction tolerates electronically diverse aryl chloride coupling partners, with excellent conversion observed for strongly electron-deficient aromatic rings, such as esters and amides. Electron-rich systems, including methyl- and methoxy-substituted aryl chlorides, were found to be less reactive. Furthermore, the reaction was found to be most successful when heteroaryl chlorides were submitted to the cross-coupling protocol. By mapping substituent effects on reaction selectivity, we were able to show that electron-deficient aryl chlorides are essential for efficient coupling, and use electronic structure calculations to predict the likelihood of successful coupling through the estimation of the electron affinity of each aryl chloride. Moderate isolated yields were achieved with selected aryl chlorides, and moderate to good isolated yields were obtained for all the heteroaryl chlorides coupled. Excellent selectivity was observed when a 2,6-dichloroquinoline was used, allowing mono-substitution on a challenging substrate. (Figure presented.).
