561-27-3 Usage
Description
HEROIN DIACETYLMORPHINE, also known as heroin, is a morphinane alkaloid derived from the acetylation of morphine. It was first synthesized in 1898 by Bayer company in Germany as an alternate analgesic to morphine. Heroin is the 3,6 diacetylated form of morphine and is known for its ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier more quickly than morphine, leading to a euphoric "rush" that is highly addictive. Despite its initial intended use as an effective analgesic with no addictive properties, heroin has become one of the most widely used narcotics for illicit purposes and poses significant economic burdens on society.
Uses
Used in Medical Applications:
HEROIN DIACETYLMORPHINE is used as an analgesic for the treatment of acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. Its high potency and rapid onset of action make it a potent pain reliever, although its addictive properties limit its clinical use.
Used in Illicit Drug Trade:
Unfortunately, HEROIN DIACETYLMORPHINE is also used for recreational purposes and is a common drug in the illicit drug trade. Its addictive nature and rapid onset of effects make it a popular choice among drug users, despite the severe health risks and legal consequences associated with its use.
Used in Research:
HEROIN DIACETYLMORPHINE is also used in scientific research to study the effects of opioids on the brain and to develop new treatments for pain management and addiction. Understanding the mechanisms of action of heroin can help researchers develop safer and more effective analgesics with fewer addictive properties.
Biological Functions
Heroin is the diacetyl derivative of morphine. It is not
available in the United States for therapeutic use, although
its use as a recreational drug is again on the rise.
It is either injected or snorted (taken intranasally). It is
most often cut, or diluted, with substances such as quinine,
which contribute to the flash, or high. Injection of
the drug leads to the eventual collapse of the vessels
into which it is injected, leading to the appearance of
track marks under the skin. Heroin passes rapidly into
the brain and thus has a rapid onset of action. It is then
metabolized to morphine. The rapid onset contributes
to the abuse liability of the drug.Heroin use in pregnant
women can lead to low-birth-weight babies, babies born
addicted to heroin, immunosuppression, and an increased
incidence of infections in both the mother and
newborn; an increased incidence of AIDS also occurs.
Health Hazard
Heroin is a strongly habit-forming drug. Itis more potent than its parent compound,morphine, and much more potent thanopium. The toxic effects are similar tothose of morphine. An overdose can causerespiratory failure. It is a depressant anda stimulant of the central nervous system,showing a wide range of effects, rangingfrom drowsiness to distorted perceptionsand hallucinations. Toxicological problemsfrom an overdose of heroin may also leadto coma and pinpoint pupil. The toxicityof heroin may be enhanced when it iscoadministered with cocaine. Administrationof a narcotic antagonist such as naloxone ornaltrexone may be performed for therapy.A subcutaneous lethal dose in rabbits maybe 180 mg/kg. Heroin may produce harmfulreproductive effects in animals and humans.It is a controlled substance (opiate) listedunder the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations(Title 21, Part 329.1, 1308.11, 1987).
Pharmacology
Diamorphine is available for parenteral and oral use. It is more lipid soluble
than morphine, affecting distribution and tissue penetration. One advantage
over morphine is in seings where high concentrations are required in
relatively low volumes, such as palliative care. Furthermore, when lipid
solubility is important in regulating site of action (e.g. epidural, intrathecal
use), some practitioners believe that diamorphine has specific advantages
over morphine.
Diamorphine is a prodrug. It is inactive at opioid receptors but is
converted rapidly to the active metabolites 6-monoacetylmorphine (6 MAM),
morphine and M-6-G. Presence of 6-MAM in urine or salvia can be used to
differentiate between morphine and heroin (diamorphine) consumption.
Further metabolism is similar to that of morphine; similar
problems may arise in renal impairment.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 561-27-3 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,6 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 561-27:
(5*5)+(4*6)+(3*1)+(2*2)+(1*7)=63
63 % 10 = 3
So 561-27-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
561-27-3Relevant articles and documents
Nalbuphine preparation method and intermediate thereof
-
Paragraph 0063-0071, (2021/05/08)
The invention discloses a nalbuphine preparation method and an intermediate thereof, and the nalbuphine is prepared by taking morphine as a raw material through acylation, catalytic oxidation, palladium/carbon hydrogenation reduction, N-methyl removal of chloroformic acid-1-chloroethyl ester, hydrolysis deprotection and nitrogen-methylcyclobutane substitution. According to the method, a chiral center is introduced from an initial raw material, in the whole reaction process, reactions and reagents which can influence the chiral center are not adopted, only conventional methods and equipment are used in the whole reaction process, and the method is easy and convenient to operate, mild in condition, short in route, high in overall yield and suitable for industrial production.
6-ACETYLMORPHINE ANALOGS, AND METHODS FOR THEIR SYNTHESIS AND USE
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Paragraph 0094; 00134, (2014/10/04)
The present invention relates to novel 6-acetylmorphine analogs, and methods for their synthesis and use. Such analogs are designed to provide a convenient linkage chemistry for coupling under mild conditions to a suitable group on a target protein, polypeptide, solid phase or detectable label.
Selective Aminolysis of Benzoates and Acetates of α-Hydroxy Acids and Phenols with Benzylamine and Butan-1-amine
Bell, Kevin H.
, p. 1723 - 1735 (2007/10/02)
Benzoates and acetates of α-hydroxy acids and phenols undergo facile aminolysis on treating with benzylamine or butan-1-amine in benzene at room temperature.Under the same conditions acetates and benzoates of alcohols are unaffected.
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