591-63-9Relevant articles and documents
Acrylates via Metathesis of Crotonates
Schweitzer, Dirk,Snell, Kristi D.
supporting information, p. 715 - 720 (2015/07/27)
Crotonic acid has the potential to be produced from renewable resources at low cost but currently has a limited market. We are investigating catalytic routes to exploit the functionalities of crotonic acid to produce a range of established industrial chemicals. Here we report our work on converting crotonates to acrylates, where a cost-competitive bio-based alternative can provide a market advantage. Our optimized reaction conditions for the cross-metathesis between crotonates and ethylene resulted in an increase in catalyst turnover numbers by 2 orders of magnitude compared with literature values. Control experiments showed the cross-metathesis with ethylene to be an equilibrium reaction. The turnover-number-limiting factor was found to be the stability of the metathesis catalyst.
One-pot ester synthesis from allyl and benzyl halides and alcohols by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation
Tommasi, Sara,Perrone, Serena,Rosato, Francesca,Salomone, Antonio,Troisi, Luiginio
experimental part, p. 423 - 430 (2012/03/11)
A mild and efficient one-pot synthesis of esters based on the Pd-catalyzed alkoxy- and aryloxycarbonylation of allylic and benzylic halides is described. The methodology has been applied to primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols as well as to phenol derivatives. The O-protection of some biologically relevant molecules is also reported. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
Cobalt(II)chloride catalysed cleavage of ethers with acyl halides: Scope and mechanism
Iqbal,Srivastava
, p. 3155 - 3170 (2007/10/02)
Cobalt(II) chloride in acetonitrile catalyses the cleavage of a wide variety of ethers with acyl halides under mild conditions to give the corresponding esters in good yields. Acyclic aliphatic ethers are cleaved to the corresponding ester and chlorides whereas the cyclic aliphatic ethers give rise to the ω-chloroesters. The benzyl ethers can be converted to the corresponding esters along with the formation of benzyl chloride and benzyl acetamide. A comparative study for the cleavage of allyl and benzyl ether has revealed that benzyl ether can be selectively cleaved in presence of the allyl ethers. The oxiranes can be cleaved in highly regioselective manner to the corresponding-β-chloroesters. The vinyl ethers undergo sp2-hybridised carbon-oxygen bond cleavage under these conditions. Based on product analysis, a mechanism involving electron transfer followed by O-acylation and S(N)1 or S(N)2 attack by chloride-ion is discussed.