59693-93-5Relevant articles and documents
Visible-Light-Mediated Alkylation of Thiophenols via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes Formed between Two Reactants
Cai, Yi-Ping,Nie, Fang-Yuan,Song, Qin-Hua
, p. 12419 - 12426 (2021/09/02)
A metal-free, photocatalyst-free, photochemical system was developed for the direct alkylation of thiophenols via electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes (KEDA = 145 M-1) between two reactants, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters as acceptors and thiophenol anions as donors, in the presence of a tertiary amine. The EDA complexes in the reaction system have a broad range of visible-light absorption (400-650 nm) and can trigger the reaction effectively under sunlight.
Photoredox Nickel-Catalyzed C-S Cross-Coupling: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Generalization
Qin, Yangzhong,Sun, Rui,Gianoulis, Nikolas P.,Nocera, Daniel G.
supporting information, p. 2005 - 2015 (2021/02/06)
Photoredox-mediated nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings have evolved as a new effective strategy to forge carbon-heteroatom bonds that are difficult to access with traditional methods. Experimental mechanistic studies are challenging because these reactions involve multiple highly reactive intermediates and perplexing reaction pathways, engendering competing, but unverified, proposals for substrate conversions. Here, we report a comprehensive mechanistic study of photoredox nickel-catalyzed C-S cross-coupling based on time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, Stern-Volmer quenching, and quantum yield measurements. We have (i) discovered a self-sustained productive Ni(I/III) cycle leading to a quantum yield φ > 1; (ii) found that pyridinium iodide, formed in situ, serves as the dominant quencher for the excited state photocatalyst and a critical redox mediator to facilitate the formation of the active Ni(I) catalyst; and (iii) observed critical intermediates and determined the rate constants associated with their reactivity. Not only do the findings reveal a complete reaction cycle for C-S cross-coupling, but the mechanistic insights have also allowed for the reaction efficiency to be optimized and the substrate scope to be expanded from aryl iodides to include aryl bromides, thus broadening the applicability of photoredox C-S cross-coupling chemistry.
Visible-Light-Promoted Cross-Coupling Reactions of 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines with Thiosulfonate or Selenium Sulfonate: A Unified Approach to Sulfides, Selenides, and Sulfoxides
Li, Jian,Yang, Xin-Er,Wang, Shan-Le,Zhang, Long-Long,Zhou, Xiao-Zhou,Wang, Shun-Yi,Ji, Shun-Jun
supporting information, p. 4908 - 4913 (2020/07/13)
In this paper, a visible-light-promoted cross-coupling of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines with thio-/selenium sulfonates under transition-metal-free conditions is described. This strategy features easily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and high chemoselectivity. A novel synthetic route for the construction of a sulfide or selenide Csp3-S or Csp3-Se bond under transition-metal-free conditions without an additive oxidant or base is developed. This method is well extended to the synthesis of a class of thiolated or selenylated glycosides that has not been explored before. Sulfoxides were also successfully chemoselectively observed via a facile variation of the atmosphere under photocatalyzed conditions.