60831-46-1Relevant articles and documents
Rationally designed divalent caffeic amides inhibit amyloid-β fibrillization, induce fibril dissociation, and ameliorate cytotoxicity
Tu, Ling-Hsien,Tseng, Ning-Hsuan,Tsai, Ya-Ru,Lin, Tien-Wei,Lo, Yi-Wei,Charng, Jien-Lin,Hsu, Hua-Ting,Chen, Yu-Sheng,Chen, Rong-Jie,Wu, Ying-Ta,Chan, Yi-Tsu,Chen, Chang-Shi,Fang, Jim-Min,Chen, Yun-Ru
, p. 393 - 404 (2018)
One of the pathologic hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils. Blocking Aβ self-assembly or disassembling Aβ aggregates by small molecules would be potential therapeutic strategies to treat AD. In this study, we synthesized a series of rationally designed divalent compounds and examined their effects on Aβ fibrillization. A divalent amide (2) derived from two molecules of caffeic acid with a propylenediamine linker of ～5.0 ? in length, which is close to the distance of adjacent β sheets in Aβ fibrils, showed good potency to inhibit Aβ(1–42) fibrillization. Furthermore, compound 2 effectively dissociated the Aβ(1–42) preformed fibrils. The cytotoxicity induced by Aβ(1–42) aggregates in human neuroblastoma was reduced in the presence of 2, and feeding 2 to Aβ transgenic C. elegans rescued the paralysis phenotype. In addition, the binding and stoichiometry of 2 to Aβ(1–40) were demonstrated by using electrospray ionization?traveling wave ion mobility?mass spectrometry, while molecular dynamic simulation was conducted to gain structural insights into the Aβ(1–40)?2 complex.
Curcuminoid Demethylation as an Alternative Metabolism by Human Intestinal Microbiota
Burapan, Supawadee,Kim, Mihyang,Han, Jaehong
, p. 3305 - 3310 (2017/05/01)
Curcumin and other curcuminoids from Curcuma longa are important bioactive compounds exhibiting various pharmacological activities. In addition to the known reductive metabolism of curcuminoids, an alternative biotransformation of curcuminoids by human gut microbiota is reported herein. A curcuminoid mixture, composed of curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (3), was metabolized by the human intestinal bacterium Blautia sp. MRG-PMF1. 1 and 2 were converted to new metabolites by the methyl aryl ether cleavage reaction. Two metabolites, demethylcurcumin (4) and bisdemethylcurcumin (5), were sequentially produced from 1, and demethyldemethoxycurcumin (6) was produced from 2. Until now, sequential reduction of the heptadienone backbone of curcuminoids was the only known metabolism to occur in the human intestine. In this study, a new intestinal metabolism of curcuminoids was discovered. Demethylation of curcuminoids produced three new colonic metabolites that were already known as promising synthetic curcumin analogues. The results could explain the observed beneficial effects of turmeric.
Synthesis of natural and non-natural curcuminoids and their neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT-22 cells
Jirsek, Petr,Amslinger, Sabine,Heilmann, J?rg
, p. 2206 - 2217 (2014/12/11)
A strategy for the synthesis of natural and non-natural 5-deoxy-6,7-dihydrocurcuminoids (diarylheptanoids) was developed for the preparation of 14 compounds with varying aromatic substituent patterns and a different functionality in the aliphatic seven-carbon chain. The in vitro protective activity against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death was examined in the murine hippocampal cell line HT-22 to find structural motifs responsible for neuroprotective effects in vitro. Among the tested compounds the ferulic acid-like unit, present in the structures of (E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (5) and (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (7), appeared to be an important feature for protection against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Both compounds demonstrated significant neuroprotective activity in a concentration range between 1 and 25 ～M without showing toxic effects in a cytotoxicity assay with HT-22 cells. Furthermore, (E)-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (9), exhibiting a caffeic acid-like structural motif, displayed a neuroprotective activity at a nontoxic concentration of 25 ～M. In contrast, (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (4, di-O-demethylcurcumin) showed mainly cytotoxic effects. A corresponding single-ring analogue that contains the ferulic acid-like unit as an enone was not active.
