6104-71-8Relevant articles and documents
Butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monolith for online in-tube SPME-UHPLC-MS/MS to determine chlopromazine, clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, and their metabolites in plasma samples
Beloti, Luiz G.M.,Miranda, Luis F.C.,Queiroz, Maria Eugênia C.
, (2019/02/07)
This manuscript describes a sensitive, selective, and online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (in-tube SPME-UHPLC-MS/MS) method to determine chlopromazine, clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, and their metabolites in plasma samples from schizophrenic patients. Organic poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith was synthesized on the internal surface of a fused silica capillary (covalent bonds) for in-tube SPME. Analyte extraction and analysis was conducted by connecting the monolithic capillary to an UHPLC-MS/MS system. The monolith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The developed method presented adequate linearity for all the target antipsychotics: R2 was higher than 0.9975, lack-of-fit ranged from 0.115 to 0.955, precision had variation coefficients lower than 14.2%, and accuracy had relative standard error values ranging from ?13.5% to 14.6%, with the exception of the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). The LLOQ values in plasma samples were 10 ng mL?1 for all analytes. The developed method was successfully applied to determine antipsychotics and their metabolites in plasma samples from schizophrenic patients.
Homobivalent ligands of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine: Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation
McRobb, Fiona M.,Crosby, Ian T.,Yuriev, Elizabeth,Lane, J. Robert,Capuano, Ben
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1622 - 1634 (2012/04/17)
To date all typical and atypical antipsychotics target the dopamine D 2 receptor. Clozapine represents the best-characterized atypical antipsychotic, although it displays only moderate (submicromolar) affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor. Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of three series of homobivalent ligands of clozapine, differing in the length and nature of the spacer and the point of attachment to the pharmacophore. Attachment of the spacer at the N4′ position of clozapine yielded a series of homobivalent ligands that displayed spacer-length-dependent gains in affinity and activity for the dopamine D 2 receptor. The 16 and 18 atom spacer bivalent ligands were the highlight compounds, displaying marked low nanomolar receptor binding affinity (1.41 and 1.35 nM, respectively) and functional activity (23 and 44 nM), which correspond to significant gains in affinity (75- and 79-fold) and activity (9- and 5-fold) relative to the original pharmacophore, clozapine. As such these ligands represent useful tools with which to investigate dopamine receptor dimerization and the atypical nature of clozapine.
Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics
von Coburg,Kottke,Weizel,Ligneau,Stark
scheme or table, p. 538 - 542 (2011/02/28)
Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists have some antipsychotic properties although the clear molecular mechanism is still unknown. As actually the most effective and less side effective antipsychotics are drugs with multiple targets
